Main Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
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Remarks |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Able, K.W. and S.C. Kaiser, 1994 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass;: lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.49 | 0.28 | 4.43 | 0.60 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.72 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |