| อ้างอิงหลัก | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| ข้อสังเกต | Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Grubbers which excavate while moving, feed on bottom animals (Ref. 40396). Microinvertivore (Ref. 33499). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). Predominantly inhabits forereefs (Ref. 128694). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | : sand;: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
| อ้างอิง | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | Cleaned by Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102). Also cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | 3.65 | 0.20 | 3.38 | 0.43 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
| จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 3.37 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| อ้างอิง | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||