Main Ref. | Salini, J.P., S.J.M. Blaber and D.T. Brewer, 1994 |
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Remarks | Inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Generally occur in areas of oceanic or near oceanic salinities, and can tolerate fairly hypersaline conditions. Have been taken from waters with salinities ranging from 22.4 to 44.5 ppt but can acclimate to slightly lower salinities. Its distribution is greatly affected by temperature (Ref. 9739). Pelagic, but ventures into coral reefs, rocky shores, and sometimes estuaries. Predator. Feeds on swimming crabs, lobsters and squids (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Salini, J.P., S.J.M. Blaber and D.T. Brewer, 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Salini, J.P., S.J.M. Blaber and D.T. Brewer, 1994 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.96 | 3.89 | 0.57 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 4.08 | 0.79 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |