Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Most common in areas with rock or scattered coral. Feeds mainly upon crustaceans (Ref. 5521). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57616). Predominantly inhabits patch reefs (Ref. 128694). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin, 1993 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Harper, L.M., J.S. Lefcheck, R. Whippo, M.S. Jones, Z. Foltz and J.E. Duffy, 2022 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | Cleaned by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
Association remarks | Solitary or in pairs (Ref. 36810). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.72 | 0.62 | |||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |