| Ref. principal | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Benthic. Feeds on worms, crustaceans, molluscs, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (Ref. 58426). It is preyed upon by barndoor skate, longhorn sculpin and sea raven. Parasites of the species include 4 protozoans, 2 myxosporidians, trematode, cestode, 3 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans, hirudinoid and copepod (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.24 | 0.14 | 3.37 | 0.33 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.36 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 | ||||