Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Present in seagrass beds at juvenile stage (Ref. 41878). Feeds mainly on fishes and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 11889), like shrimps, crabs, and other crustaceans (Ref. 9821). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Often in large aggregations with Lutjanus kasmira and Lutjanus lutjanus (Ref. 9710) |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.79 | 0.29 | 3.56 | 0.48 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Connell, S.D., 1998 |