Ecology Summary - Pomadasys kaakan

Language:

Main Ref.	van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991
Remarks	Live in sandy or muddy areas in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 9137). Juveniles enter the estuaries and mangroves from the sea and spend their life cycle in brackish water (Ref. 43081). Coastal demersal. Dwells in and around coral reefs and estuaries from shallow waters to offshore banks. Feeds on crustaceans, fishes and polychaete worms. Juveniles feed mostly on copepods. Reportedly tolerant of salinity levels and turbid, muddy conditions. Solitary, but forms shoals during the breeding season. Spawning occurs in open sea (Ref. 9773).

Main Ref.

van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991

Remarks

Live in sandy or muddy areas in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 9137). Juveniles enter the estuaries and mangroves from the sea and spend their life cycle in brackish water (Ref. 43081). Coastal demersal. Dwells in and around coral reefs and estuaries from shallow waters to offshore banks. Feeds on crustaceans, fishes and polychaete worms. Juveniles feed mostly on copepods. Reportedly tolerant of salinity levels and turbid, muddy conditions. Solitary, but forms shoals during the breeding season. Spawning occurs in open sea (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pomadasys kaakan may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud;
Substrate Ref.	Broad, G., 2003
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995

Associations

Ref.
Associations	solitary; shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.54	0.53			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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