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Ecology of Epinephelus miliaris
 
Main Ref. Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Remarks Inhabit rocky regions (Ref. 9137). Found in a variety of habitats. Juveniles (8 - 21 cm SL) have been taken from mud bottoms, seagrass beds, mangrove swamps, and from coral reefs in depths of 1 to 16 m; adults in coral reefs at depths of 18 to 180 m. Stomach contents reported to include juvenile clappid crab, a stomatopod, and a gastropod (Ref. 6448).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus miliaris may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic; Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 3.76 0.62 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
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