| Main Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.46 | 0.77 | 4.29 | 0.70 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.97 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Salini, J.P., S.J.M. Blaber and D.T`. Brewer, 1994 | ||||