| Main Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1968 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Feeds on zooplankton and small pelagic fishes. Oceanic with epipelagic or mesopelagic juveniles, while adults are demersal on the continental slope. Associated with jellyfish and flotsam (Ref. 127989). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. DulÄić, E. Massutà and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1968 |
| Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||