| Salmonidae (Salmonids), subfamily: Coregoninae |
| 130 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 10,000.0 g |
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demersal; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 20 m, anadromous |
| Europe: In the Baltic Sea: Swedish coast (including Bothnian Gulf, not in Gotland); in southern Baltic, extending from the Schlei to Gulf of Finland. Southeast North Sea Basin: Ems, Weser and Elbe drainages and small rivers of Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark. Landlocked in several lakes in Poland, Sweden, and Russia. Introduced and transplanted in many drainages within its native range and outside westward to Rhine drainage (Ref. 59043). Apparent abundance in Germany, Poland and Scandinavia results from the massive stocking programs without which the populations would rapidly decline.
Usually known as C. lavaretus in the Baltic Sea basin. North Sea population might represent a distinct species (Ref. 59043). |
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| Forages along coasts. Also reported from deep, oligo-mesotrophic lakes. Feeds on benthic prey (crustaceans, molluscs, large insect larvae, small fish). Spawns in shallow water, in rapids or small rivers or over firm sediments in lowland rivers and estuaries. Northernmost stocks undertake the longest migrations between spawning and foraging grounds. In the northern part of the range, individuals may travel as much as 700 km between these areas (Ref. 59043).
Growth parameters from Russia suggest a maximum age of 20 years (Ref. 56506) .
Members of the genus Coregonus readily hybridise with other Coregonus species and populations (Ref. 89548).
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Vulnerable (VU); Date assessed: 05 March 2010 (A2cd) Ref. (130435)
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| harmless |
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Occurs mainly in the German Baltic basin ascending the Odra and Peene rivers to spawn and seems to have vanished from other rivers where the species was also known to spawn (Refs. 83311 , 89485). Reintroduced into the Treene, Elbe and Rhine rivers with fish originating from the Vida River in Denmark (Refs. 83311, 89470). Apparent abundance in Germany only reflects the massive stocking programs without which the populations would rapidly decline.
Efforts in Schleswig-Holstein in 1996 to re-establish populations from brood-stock from Vorpommern (Ref. 41851, also as 'balticus').
Reported from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as Coregonus lavaretus balticus (Ref. 27963) and from small rivers of Schleswig-Holstein (Ref. 59043).
Occurrence questionable in River Schlei (Ref. 13696).
Status, assessed according to the latest national report for the habitats directive reporting period 2000-2006, was "unfavorable/inadequate" for the Continental biogeographic region (German Baltic Sea) (Refs. 88151, 88160).
National status of threat of freshwater stocks: endangered (Ref. 83311).
Endangered in the Baltic Sea (as C. balticus, Ref. 88159).
Critically endangered in Schleswig-Holstein (Ref. 88198).
On the watch-list in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Ref. 88199).
Threats for Baltic houting in the Baltic Sea and adjacent river systems due to human activities: obstruction in rivers, restocking, chemical pollution, fisheries, eutrophication (Refs. 59043, 89548).
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