| Main Ref. | Patzner, R.A., 1998 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild | nonguarders |
| Parental Care | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Copulatory organ absent. The gonads of hagfishes are situated in the peritoneal cavity. The ovary is found in the anterior portion of the gonad, and the testis is found in the posterior part. The animal becomes female if the cranial part of the gonad develops or male if the caudal part undergoes differentiation. If none develops, then the animal becomes sterile. If both anterior and posterior parts develop, then the animal becomes a functional hermaphrodite. However, hermaphroditism being characterised as functional needs to be validated by more reproduction studies (Ref. 51361 ). However, there was a presumption of 0.1% or even less that this species manifests functional hermaphroditism (Ref. 51416). This is the only member of the family having a seasonal reproductive cycle (Ref. 51361). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |
Publish in our journal partners Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria (Impact factor 2023: .8 with 2023 Scopus CiteScore: 2.2), Journal of Applied Ichthyology (Impact factor 2023: .7 with 2023 Scopus CiteScore: 2.3) and Journal of Fish Biology (1.07, 2023 impact factor with Scopus CiteScore: 2.2) the results of your primary research on fish growth, weight-length relationships, reproduction (maturity, fecundity, spawning), food and diet composition, introductions and range extensions for faster subsequent entry in FishBase.