| 主要参考文献 | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
| 模态 | dioecism |
| 受精 | external |
| Mating type | |
| 产卵频度 | Variable throughout range |
| Spawning aggregation | 参考文献 |
| 批次产卵者 | Yes. 参考文献 Nakamura, I., 1985 |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| 生命周期与交配行为的描述 | Around Florida in USA, this species often moves inshore into shallow waters where females, swimming sluggishly with their dorsal fins extended and accompanied each by one or more males, may spawn near the surface in the warm season. However, spawning in offshore waters beyond the 100 fathom isobath was also reported from south of Cuba to Carolina, USA. Off southeast Florida, a 33.4 kg female may shed up to 4.8 million eggs in three batches during one spawning season. |
| 搜寻有关繁殖更多的参考资料 | Scirus |