|
David, G.S., R. Coutinho, I. Quagio-Grassiotto and J.R. Verani, 2005
|
|
David, G.S., R. Coutinho, I. Quagio-Grassiotto and J.R. Verani, 2005
|
|
Brazil |
|
coastal |
| Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro (2001-2002) |
| 111 |
111 |
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
111 |
111 |
111 |
111 |
| 58.33 %
參考文獻:
David, G.S., R. Coutinho, I. Quagio-Grassiotto and J.R. Verani, 2005
|
|
13 - 21 °C |
|
month/s
|
|
|
|
cm
|
|
|
|
-
Mean: |
Min Ref.:
Max Ref.:
Mean Ref.:
|
| Spawning occured when water temperature decreases following coastal upwelling (Ref. 57473). Main spawning period occured in winter and spring although females with mature and partially spawned gonads were present all year-round (Ref. 57473). |