|
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
|
|
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
|
|
|
|
oceanic |
| Southern Hemisphere (between 5°S and 25°S) |
| 111 |
111 |
111 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
111 |
111 |
| %
參考文獻:
|
|
- °C |
|
month/s
|
|
|
|
cm
|
|
|
|
-
Mean: |
Min Ref.:
Max Ref.:
Mean Ref.:
|
| Spawning activity peaks during December and January (Ref. 30273, 30274). The fish form small spawning aggregations and spawn at least twice (Ref. 168) each summer (Ref. 6390). A mature female will produce between 2 and 3 million eggs each season, released in at least 2 batches (Ref. 6390).
The larvae inhabit the upper 60 m where the water is warmer than 24°C (Ref. 30276). |