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Larvae Information Summary for  Gonorynchus gonorynchus
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Main Ref: Olivar, M.P. and J.M. Fortuño 1991
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)        
Preanal L. % TL        
Place of development  
Larval area Benguela Current Region
Yolk-sac       Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules  
Rows on tail  
Other melanophores on tail  
Post larvae
Striking feature none
Striking shape lateral eel-like dorsal  
Striking feature none
Shape of gut tube-like
Gas bladder   early absent late absent
Spinal armature   early no spines late no spines
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral + lateral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral + lateral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Pectorals normal melanophores at fin base
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent) without melanophores
Body elongate with a long gut (79-81% of SL). No swim bladder. Snout is blunt and the mouth is protractile. There is no apparent change in the relative position of the dorsal and anal fins over the larval length range compared to adults. Pigmentation: One dorsal and one ventral row of melanophores on the caudal peduncle extending along the lobe of the caudal fin. These rows are much shorter in the specimens measuring 40 and 51 mm SL and are conspicuous only at the bases of the procurrent caudal rays. There is a row of small, discrete melanophores laterally, slightly below the lateral line. Presence of a dark melanophore slightly before the posterior margin of the operculum. Otic pigment and suborbital pigmentation are present. Several melanophores are also present along the terminal section of the gut. Pigmentation is always present above the brain. Three melanophores on both sides of the snout near the nostrils. Sequence of fin development: all paired and unpaired fins (except the procurrent caudal rays) are well developed; pelvic (21.9 mm SL; fully formed at 25 mm SL).
Meristic characters
  max min mod Ref.
Total number of myomeres     62 29072
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod     Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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