Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal. Subtropical; 31°S - 40°S
Indo-West Pacific: endemic to southern Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 26.4  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 33839)
Found inshore and over reefs (Ref. 7300).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.2 - 18.7, mean 17.5 °C (based on 110 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00246 - 0.01120), b=3.04 (2.85 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 167 [15, 644] mg/100g; Iron = 2.08 [0.52, 5.38] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.351 [0.159, 0.987] g/100g; Selenium = 60.8 [16.0, 217.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.5 [3.6, 29.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.839 [0.382, 1.734] mg/100g (wet weight);