分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 0 - 260 m (Ref. 9340), usually 0 - ? m (Ref. 55287). 熱帶; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 168); 63°N - 47°S, 180°W - 180°E
Cosmopolitan in tropical and warm-temperate waters. Not found in the Black Sea. Highly migratory species,
全球分佈於熱帶與溫帶-溫帶水域。 不出現在地中海東部 (參考文獻 28950) 與黑海。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 41.3, range 40 - 45 cm
Max length : 110 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89423); common length : 80.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大體重: 34.5 kg (Ref. 168); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數): 14 - 16; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 15; 脊椎骨: 41. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body fusiform, elongate and rounded; teeth small and conical, in a single series; gill rakers on first gill arch numerous, 53-63; D1 XIV-XVI, dorsal fins separated by a small interspace (not larger than eye), the second followed by 7-9 finlets; anal fin followed by 7-8 finlets; pectoral fins short, with 26-27 rays; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; body scaleless except for corselet and lateral line; a strong keel on each side of caudal-fin base between 2 smaller keels. Colour of back dark purplish blue, lower sides and belly silvery, with 4-6 very conspicuous longitudinal dark bands which in live specimens may appear as discontinuous lines of dark blotches (Ref. 9684).
腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 身體沒有鱗片除了甲胄與側線。 泳鰾不存在。 背部顏色較深帶紫色的藍色, 下側與腹面銀色的, 對在活體中可能呈現黑色斑塊的連續線的六個非常顯著的縱向深色條紋有四個。
Found in offshore waters; larvae restricted to waters with surface temperatures of 15°C to 30°C (Ref. 6390). Exhibit a strong tendency to school in surface waters with birds, drifting objects, sharks, whales and may show a characteristic behavior like jumping, feeding, foaming, etc. Feed on fishes, crustaceans, cephalopods and mollusks; cannibalism is common. Spawn throughout the year in the tropics, eggs released in several portions (Ref. 35388). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Preyed upon by large pelagic fishes (Ref. 6885). Also taken by trolling on light tackle using plugs, spoons, feathers, or strip bait (Ref. 9684). Marketed fresh, frozen or canned (Ref. 9340, 9684 ); also dried-salted and smoked (Ref. 9987).
發現於離岸水域了; 仔魚用對 30 °C 的 15 °C 的表面溫度侷限於水域了。 (參考文獻 6390) 強烈地趨向於在水表群集伴隨著鳥, 漂流目標，鯊魚, 鯨而且可能顯示一個特殊的行為類似跳躍, 進食，起泡沫, 等等捕食魚，甲殼動物，頭足類動物與軟體動物; 嗜食同類是普遍。 被大的大洋性的魚捕食了。 (參考文獻 6885) 在使用人工餌,匙形假餌,條狀誘餌的輕型漁具上也用拖釣捕獲。 (參考文獻 9684) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 凍結或裝於罐頭;(參考文獻 9340) 也乾燥鹽醃而且煙燻.(參考文獻 9987) 在熱帶中產卵全年度, 卵分好幾次釋出.(參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
In tropical waters, reproductively active female skipjack tuna spawn almost daily.全球分佈於熱帶與溫帶-溫帶水域。 不出現在地中海東部 (參考文獻 28950) 與黑海。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 29, mean 26.2 °C (based on 8934 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00955 - 0.01202), b=3.10 (3.07 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.1 (1.8 - 2.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 57
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3-0.5; tm=2-3; tmax=12; Fec=61,516).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 155 [39, 307] mg/100g; Iron = 2.27 [0.81, 7.03] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.8, 23.6] %; Omega3 = 0.45 [0.22, 1.05] g/100g; Selenium = 87.4 [31.2, 237.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.64 [1.25, 40.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.54 [0.37, 3.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
