Teleostei >
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 37°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), northern Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola, including the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州 (美國) ，墨西哥灣北部, 與在加勒比海到巴西各處。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉, 包括加納利群島與維德角。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27000); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 1.8 kg (Ref. 57401)
背棘 (总数): 6; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 8. Diagnosis: 102-119 scales in lateral line; no chevrons on the flanks or, if present, not so well marked as in Sphyraena afra (Ref. 57401).
Occurs in shallow and generally turbid coastal water over muddy bottoms, often around river estuaries. Schooling species (Ref. 6949). Occasionally enters estuaries and brackish waters (Ref. 57401). Feeds on mainly on fishes belonging to the Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Lutjanidae and Synodontidae families and also on squid from the Loliginidae family (Ref. 9626). Maximum reported size: 71cm (Ref. 57401). Marketed fresh and salted.
出现于水浅与通常浑浊的海岸水域在泥沙底上面, 时常河口的周围。 群游种。 (参考文献 6949) 吃主要吃属于 科，鲱科，笛鲷科与 Synodidae 该科与也捕食虾类从 Lolijinidae 该科的鱼.(参考文献 9626) 在市场上销售生鲜地了与盐腌的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州 (美國) ，墨西哥灣北部, 與在加勒比海到巴西各處。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉, 包括加納利群島與維德角。
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.4 - 27.9, mean 25.1 °C (based on 752 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00507 - 0.01244), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.1 [7.1, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.505 [0.233, 1.049] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.7, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.093, 0.486] g/100g; Selenium = 26.1 [11.5, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.29 [1.11, 31.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.219, 0.563] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
