分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256). 亞熱帶的; 67°N - 38°S, 26°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: from Madeira, the Straits of Gibraltar and Canary and Cape Verde Islands to South Africa; northward extending into the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coasts of Europe to Norway.
地中海與東大西洋的: 挪威到南非, 圓岸邊到馬普托。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.9, range 21 - 30 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 30-36; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).
藍綠色的﹐灰色的或黑色的上方, 下面銀白色的; 鰓蓋有黑色的斑點。 (參考文獻 3197) 側面的鱗片高的而且龍骨。 鰓蓋具有一個明顯的黑色斑點。 第一背鰭高的.(參考文獻 35388)
Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.
成魚在沿岸區域中形成大群魚群，砂質底部的地方。 捕食魚，甲殼動物與頭足類動物。 分批產卵者是.(參考文獻 51846) 雌性生下 140,000個卵, 孵化成 5個 mm 長仔魚.(參考文獻 35388) 生鮮使用,煙燻., 罐裝及冷凍; 能被油炸, 火烤而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988) 分開成二分枝.: 西方的分枝與北海分枝。 西方的分枝在初春在帶從 Biscay 到愛爾蘭產卵, 移動北方與向東到挪威南部與北海北部。 北海分枝在夏天在北海南部產卵, 迴游到中央的北海，史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
地中海與東大西洋的: 挪威到南非, 圓岸邊到馬普托。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.6 - 16.6, mean 13.3 °C (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00740 - 0.00893), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.1 - 7.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.16; tm=2-4; tmax=11; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.72, Based on 11 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 184 [129, 263] mg/100g; Iron = 3.67 [2.45, 5.60] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.8, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.355 [0.260, 0.479] g/100g; Selenium = 33.4 [24.6, 45.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.5 [4.0, 54.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.66 [1.34, 2.16] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
