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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Spratelloididae (Small round herrings)
Etymology: Spratelloides: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Issue
The species in the genera Spratelloides Bleeker, 1851 and Jenkinsia Jordan & Evermann, 1896 should most probably be assigned to a separated family from Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae (Lavoué, pers. comm., July 2013). See a preliminary analysis in Lavoué et al. (2013: Ref. 93878).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 深度上下限 ? - 40 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 33°N - 30°S, 33°E - 136°W (Ref. 188)
Indo-Pacific, from Red Sea south to Tanzania and east to Samoa (excluding the Cook, Society and Marquesas islands) and the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan and south to western Australia and Kermadec Islands.
印度-太平洋: 紅海南至桑吉巴而且東至西太平洋 (日本南至菲律賓到東南方的與澳洲西部,東至美屬薩摩亞 (除了庫克島，社會島與馬可薩斯島) 與 Tuamoto 島。 出現於帛琉與馬紹爾群島。 (參考文獻 37816)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 10.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 54980)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 12-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 13. Maxilla toothed, triangular pre-maxillae, 2 supra-maxillae, second supra-maxilla asymmetrical (lower part larger than upper part), vertical striae on scales not meeting at center; W-shaped pelvic scute; few branchiostegal rays (6 or 7).
顎骨有齒又三角形的前顎， 2個上顎, 第二個上顎骨在鱗片上的不對稱的 (較下面的部位大於上半部) 又垂直的陷紋在中心不碰到; W 形的腹鰭鱗甲; 少數鰓條骨.(6 或 7)
Usually an inshore schooling species, inhabiting relatively clear waters of coastal, lagoon, and seaward reefs (Ref. 11230). Relative fecundity is 1596 eggs per unit body weight (Ref. 4383). Caught with beach seines, purse seines, ringnets and dipnets. Marketed fresh or dried-salted (Ref. 5213). Used as bait in the tuna fishery.
通常一個近海群游性種, 居住於相當清澈水域海岸的, 潟湖 , 與臨海礁石.(參考文獻 11230) 相對繁殖力是 1596個每單位體重卵。 (參考文獻 4383) 用海灘圍網，囊袋網，環狀網與手抄網捕獲了。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了或乾燥鹽醃.(參考文獻 5213) 在鮪魚業中當作魚餌了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205).印度-太平洋: 紅海南至桑吉巴而且東至西太平洋 (日本南至菲律賓到東南方的與澳洲西部,東至美屬薩摩亞 (除了庫克島，社會島與馬可薩斯島) 與 Tuamoto 島。 出現於帛琉與馬紹爾群島。 (參考文獻 37816)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00321 - 0.00820), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.41-0.44; tm<1; Fec=505).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.78, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 753 [190, 6,136] mg/100g; Iron = 9.36 [2.55, 36.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [16.7, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.29 [0.05, 1.73] g/100g; Selenium = 275 [32, 1,847] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.7 [0.5, 49.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 6.21 [2.11, 17.03] mg/100g (wet weight);
