分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses)
海龍目 (Pipefishes and seahorses) >
Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses)
海龍科 (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Syngnathus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非遷移的 (Ref. 88171); 深度上下限 0 - 110 m (Ref. 4281), usually 3 - 15 m (Ref. 126547). 亞熱帶的; 71°N - 35°S, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway, Faroes and British Isles to Western Sahara, Senegambia, and from Namibia to Cape of Good Hope and northward to the coast of Zululand in the western Indian Ocean (Ref. 4127). Also throughout the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black seas. Despite literature records, occurrence in the Indo-Pacific outside South African waters lacks conclusive evidence (Ref. 4281).
東大西洋: 挪威, 法羅與不列顛群島到西撒哈拉， Senegambia, 與從那米比亞到好望角而且向北至在西印度洋的祖魯蘭的海岸.(參考文獻 4127) 也在地中海，愛琴海與黑海各處。 不在乎文獻記錄，發生在印度-太平洋在南非水域之外缺乏決定性的證據。 (參考文獻 4281)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 16.3, range 7 - 25.6 cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35388)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 33-42; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 3. Light greenish to dark brown in color with variable markings (Ref. 4281). Snout cylindrical, equal to or less than eye diameter. With 18 - 19 body rings between head and dorsal fin (Ref. 35388). The snake pipefish (Entelurus aequoreus) is distinguished by the lack of pectoral and anal fins (Ref. 88171). An elongated bump on top of head behind eye (Ref. 59043).
淡的呈綠色到深褐色的顏色有多變的斑紋.(參考文獻 4281) 吻圓筒形的, 等於或小於眼直徑。 具有 18- 在頭部與背鰭之間的 19個體環.(參考文獻 35388)
Found in coastal and estuarine waters to depths of at least 110 m (Ref. 4281); on sand, mud and rough bottoms. Common amongst algae and eel-grass (Zostera) (Refs. 4146, 6733, 88187). Feeds mainly on small crustaceans (Ref. 85544). It is parasitised by the monogenean Gyrodactylus eyipayipi on the body surface, inside the flute and male brood pouch (Ref. 124059).
發現於海岸而河口的水域到深度至少 110 公尺了;(參考文獻 4281) 在沙子，泥與粗糙的底部上。 普遍的在藻類當中與鰻草 ( Zostera).(參考文獻 6733) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 205) 雄魚帶卵在一個孵卵袋是在尾部下面發現.(參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous; reproducing on average 3 times each year (Ref. 89328). Several females depositing partial clutches to a male’s brood pouch under the tail (Refs. 205, 31201). Up to 400 eggs may be found in a single pouch (Ref. 89329). Brooding males occur mainly between May and July (Refs. 31201, 58137). During the breeding season, both males and females were observed to remain low amongst the seagrass in one meadow (Ref. 31201). Gestation period lasts about 5 weeks and size at birth is 1.7- 3.5 cm (Refs. 58137, 88187, 89330). Aquarium experiments have shown that new born young are benthic, remaining close to the bottom Ref. 89330).東大西洋: 挪威, 法羅與不列顛群島到西撒哈拉， Senegambia, 與從那米比亞到好望角而且向北至在西印度洋的祖魯蘭的海岸.(參考文獻 4127) 也在地中海，愛琴海與黑海各處。 不在乎文獻記錄，發生在印度-太平洋在南非水域之外缺乏決定性的證據。 (參考文獻 4281)
Dawson, C.E., 1986. Syngnathidae. p. 628-639. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 6733)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.3 - 22.6, mean 17.7 °C (based on 934 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00025 (0.00019 - 0.00032), b=3.21 (3.16 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=200).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 54.6 [12.4, 151.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.39, 3.52] mg/100g; Protein = 3.7 [0.1, 7.5] %; Omega3 = 0.286 [0.130, 0.629] g/100g; Selenium = 22.8 [5.1, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.35 [4.02, 21.44] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.838 [0.431, 1.605] mg/100g (wet weight);
