分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 深海底的; 深度上下限 50 - 1000 m (Ref. 6688). 深水域; 5°C - 13°C; 45°N - 29°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal in temperate and tropical regions. Eastern Atlantic: Spain to at least 19°S, including the Mediterranean, Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Western Atlantic: southern New England, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern South America (Ref. 7251). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
环球分布于温带与热带的区域。 东大西洋: 西班牙到至少 19个 °S ，包括地中海，加纳利群岛与维德角。 西大西洋: 美国新英格兰南部与墨西哥湾北部到南美洲北部.(参考文献 7251)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 36731); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2683)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 10-11; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Body slightly compressed. The head is small; eyes large, diameter greater than snout length. Color is yellow-fawn, with irregular oblique brown blotches on the sides. The operculum is silver-black; anus and gill cavity black; belly stippled black; caudal fin base and inner ventral fin rays black.
身体些微扁长形。 头部很小; 眼大的, 直径大于吻的长度。 色彩是黄色-黄褐色, 侧边上有不规则的斜褐色斑块。 鳃盖是银色的-黑色; 肛门与鳃腔黑色; 腹面点刻了黑色; 尾鳍基底与内部的腹鳍鳍条黑色。
Found on the continental shelf and upper slope over mud and clay bottom. Catch data indicate a schooling habit. Feeds mainly on bottom-living invertebrates. Also known to feed on pelagic crustaceans like euphausiids, decapods and mysids (Ref. 27637). A hermaphroditic species. Marketed fresh and sometimes made into fishmeal (Ref. 6688). Young are pelagic, living near the surface, the adults are demersal, living between 50 and 1000 m depth (Ref. 47377).
栖息于在泥与泥土底部上的大陆架与上层斜坡了。 捕捉资料指出一个群游性习惯。 主要吃底栖无脊椎动物。 也已知的觅食大洋性的像磷虾，十足类动物与糠虾的甲壳动物.(参考文献 27637) 一个雌雄同体的种。 在市场上销售生鲜地了而且有时制成了鱼粉.(参考文献 6688) 幼鱼是大洋性的, 住接近水表面, 成鱼是底栖的, 住在 50 与 1000 公尺深之间。 (参考文献 47377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
环球分布于温带与热带的区域。 东大西洋: 西班牙到至少 19个 °S ，包括地中海，加纳利群岛与维德角。 西大西洋: 美国新英格兰南部与墨西哥湾北部到南美洲北部.(参考文献 7251)
Merrett, N.R., 1990. Chlorophthalmidae. p. 351-360. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3590)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.4 - 19.2, mean 12.7 °C (based on 1136 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00313 - 0.00555), b=3.15 (3.06 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.1 [9.7, 65.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.373 [0.127, 0.790] mg/100g; Protein = 15.2 [12.2, 17.6] %; Omega3 = 0.213 [0.066, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 19.3 [6.0, 45.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [1.8, 53.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.481 [0.300, 0.738] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
