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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; standorttreu; tiefenbereich 10 - 200 m (Ref. 2295). Tropical; 32°N - 23°S, 32°E - 160°E
Indo-West Pacific: widespread, including the Red Sea, Arabian (Persian) Gulf, East Africa to Sri Lanka, to the Ryukyu Islands and Papua New Guinea. Also recorded from Micronesia (Ref. 3807) and French Polynesia (Ref. 4517) but these are probably misidentifications of Lethrinus olivaceus.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 29.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 48635); common length : 40.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2295); max. veröff. Gewicht: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 10; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 9; Afterflossenstacheln 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. The snout is moderately long, its dorsal profile slightly concave. Body color is bluish gray or brown often with scattered irregular dark blotches on sides; sometimes three dark streaks radiate forward from the eye. The fins are pale or orangish.
Found over sandy areas near coral reefs (Ref. 30573). Feeds on fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, and polychaetes. Swims in small schools sometimes together with L. olivaceous. Utilized as a food fish. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
Mehr Information
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1954 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00766 - 0.01802), b=2.97 (2.85 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.20).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.8 [21.6, 41.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.499, 0.997] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [17.7, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.092, 0.165] g/100g; Selenium = 51 [27, 76] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.1 [5.6, 129.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [1.40, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
