分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 35°N - 33°S, 31°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Line and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到社會與列島群島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 21.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.8 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 125599); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大體重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 125599); 最大年齡: 18 年 (Ref. 2293)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep; greatest depth 2.2-2.5 in SL; preopercular notch and knob well developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic, without a medial posterior extension; gill rakers of first gill arch 9-10 + 115-20 = 25-30 (including rudiments); caudal fin distinctly forked with rounded lobes. Colour red to greyish, an orange hue on lower part of opercle and in pectoral fin axil; fins red (pectoral fins) or usually dark brown to blackish; soft part of dorsal fin, anal and caudal fins with a narrow white margin; juveniles with a large round black spot at base of caudal fin (Ref. 9821, 90102).
頭部的背面輪廓非常陡峭。 眶前骨寬的, 很多比眼直徑寬。 前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤發展良好的。 鱗片列背面斜向上升, 兩者的上面與下面側線。 通常紅色或灰色, 比較黑的背面與頭部的上面部分,在鰓蓋的下面部份上與在胸的葉腋中有橘色的色。 鰭是紅色的, 或時常褐色到黑色的。 軟的背鰭、尾鰭與臀鰭有狹窄的白色邊緣。 在尾鰭基底稚魚有一個大的﹐圓的﹐和黑色的斑點。
Adults mainly inhabit coral reefs, sometimes forming large aggregations, which are mostly stationary during the day. Juveniles occur in seagrass beds, also in mixed sand and coral habitats of shallow sheltered reefs (Ref. 1602). Sub-adults commonly form very large schools that are stationary or drift slowly along slopes during the day. Large individuals along coastal slopes at moderate depths (Ref. 48635). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on fishes, and a variety of invertebrates including shrimps, crabs, lobsters, stomatopods, cephalopods, echinoderms and ophiuroids (Ref. 55). Caught mainly with handlines, traps, and gill nets. Commonly sold fresh. Sometimes causes ciguatera poisoning, particularly around the Pacific islands (Ref. 9821).
主要地居住於珊瑚礁, 有時形成大的群集, 那是大部份靜止在白天期間。 稚魚出現在海草床, 也在混合的沙子與淺水區掩蔽的礁石的珊瑚棲地中.(參考文獻 1602) 亞成魚通常形成非常大群的魚群那是靜止的或者慢慢地漂流沿著斜坡在白天期間。 大的個體沿著海岸的斜坡在深度中等之處。 (參考文獻 48635) 吃魚 , 與包括蝦，螃蟹，龍蝦，口足目甲殼類，頭足類動物，棘皮動物與陽燧足的多種無脊椎動物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Off East Africa spawning occurs mainly during spring and summer. 印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到社會與列島群島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2228 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01389 - 0.01727), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.31-0.40; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [20.8, 43.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.323 [0.211, 0.482] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.108, 0.199] g/100g; Selenium = 72.2 [50.0, 100.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [26, 492] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.406 [0.333, 0.555] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
