分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). 热带; 35°N - 33°S, 31°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Line and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到列岛群岛与社会群岛, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 21.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.8 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 125599); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 125599); 最大年龄: 18 年 (Ref. 2293)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep; greatest depth 2.2-2.5 in SL; preopercular notch and knob well developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic, without a medial posterior extension; gill rakers of first gill arch 9-10 + 115-20 = 25-30 (including rudiments); caudal fin distinctly forked with rounded lobes. Colour red to greyish, an orange hue on lower part of opercle and in pectoral fin axil; fins red (pectoral fins) or usually dark brown to blackish; soft part of dorsal fin, anal and caudal fins with a narrow white margin; juveniles with a large round black spot at base of caudal fin (Ref. 9821, 90102).
头部的背面轮廓非常陡峭。 眶前骨宽的, 很多比眼直径宽。 前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤发展良好的。 鳞片列背面斜向上升, 两者的上面与下面侧线。 通常红色或灰色, 比较黑的背面与头部的上面部分,在鳃盖的下面部份上与在胸的叶腋中有橘色的色。 鳍是红色的, 或时常褐色到黑色的。 软的背鳍、尾鳍与臀鳍有狭窄的白色边缘。 在尾鳍基底稚鱼有一个大的，圆的，和黑色的斑点。
Adults mainly inhabit coral reefs, sometimes forming large aggregations, which are mostly stationary during the day. Juveniles occur in seagrass beds, also in mixed sand and coral habitats of shallow sheltered reefs (Ref. 1602). Sub-adults commonly form very large schools that are stationary or drift slowly along slopes during the day. Large individuals along coastal slopes at moderate depths (Ref. 48635). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on fishes, and a variety of invertebrates including shrimps, crabs, lobsters, stomatopods, cephalopods, echinoderms and ophiuroids (Ref. 55). Caught mainly with handlines, traps, and gill nets. Commonly sold fresh. Sometimes causes ciguatera poisoning, particularly around the Pacific islands (Ref. 9821).
主要地居住于珊瑚礁, 有时形成大的群集, 那是大部份静止在白天期间。 稚鱼出现在海草床, 也在混合的沙子与浅水区掩蔽的礁石的珊瑚栖地中.(参考文献 1602) 亚成鱼通常形成非常大群的鱼群那是静止的或者慢慢地漂流沿着斜坡在白天期间。 大的个体沿着海岸的斜坡在深度中等之处。 (参考文献 48635) 吃鱼 , 与包括虾，螃蟹，龙虾，口足目甲壳类，头足类动物，棘皮动物与阳燧足的多种无脊椎动物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Off East Africa spawning occurs mainly during spring and summer. 印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到列岛群岛与社会群岛, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2228 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01389 - 0.01727), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.31-0.40; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [20.8, 43.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.323 [0.211, 0.482] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.108, 0.199] g/100g; Selenium = 72.2 [50.0, 100.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [26, 492] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.406 [0.333, 0.555] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
