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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Loricariidae (Armored catfishes)
甲鯰科 (Armored catfishes) > Hypostominae
Etymology: Hypostomus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.2 - 8.2; dH range: ? - 28. 熱帶; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 12°N - 25°S, 60°W - 51°W
South America: Guianas (coastal region from the Oyapock River basin to the Essequibo River basin). Identity of reported introduced species to several Asian countries for the aquarium trade need further confirmation.
南美洲: 阿根廷 (參考文獻 9086) 與圭亞那海岸的流域。 曾經為水族貿易引進一些亞洲國家。 (參考文獻 2060)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 90186); common length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
This species is distinguished by the following characters: differs from species of the H. cochliodon group (H. macushi and H. taphorni in the Guianas) by having viliform teeth (vs. large spoon-shaped teeth); differs from other Guianese species of Hypostomus by having teeth bearing a short roughly rounded crown, with lateral cusp about half the length of the main cusp (vs. an elongated crown, with a small lateral cusp in coppenamensis, corantijni, crassicauda, gymnorhynchus,nematopterus, watwata), or sometimes with an enlarged lateral cusp (observed in H. gymnorhynchus from upper Maroni River Basin only, H. micromaculatus and H. paucimaculatus); differs from long-crown toothed species except H. watwata by the presence of a preanal plate (vs. absence); differs from H. watwata in having an azygous plate which is sometimes divided into two to three secondary platelets, bordering the posterior part of the supraoccipital and directly contacting the pterotic-supracleithrum, laterally bordered by two plates that contact only the pterotic-supracleithrum (vs. an azygous plate, often divided anteriorly in small secondary platelets, not connecting the pterotic-supracleithrum, and with two lateral areas divided in multiple platelets, 4-13, bordering the postero-lateral part of the supraoccipital and the posterior part of the pterotic-supracleithrum (Ref. 90186).
身體短與結實的; 尾柄不扁平的。 頭部與身體的上半部包在縱列的鱗甲中了; 頭部下表面與腹部裸露的。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); This species inhabits the lower part of rivers still under tide influence, and characterized by a quiet flowing water and muddy substrate, and swamps (Ref. 90186). Feeds on algae and small crustaceans. Is cultured in ponds in Singapore and Hong Kong for the aquarium trade, where it is very popular (Ref. 2060).
吃藻類與小型甲殼動物。 在新加坡的池塘被養殖與對於水族貿易香港, 在那裡它非常受歡迎.(參考文獻 2060)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Deposits eggs on smooth rocks. Eggs are guarded by one or both parents. May deposit eggs in depressions (Ref. 2060).南美洲: 阿根廷 (參考文獻 9086) 與圭亞那海岸的流域。 曾經為水族貿易引進一些亞洲國家。 (參考文獻 2060)
Weber, C., R. Covain and S. Fisch-Muller, 2012. Identity of Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758), with an overview of Hypostomus species from the Guianas (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Cybium 36(1):195-227. (Ref. 90186)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 February 2021
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 高經濟性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01614 - 0.02467), b=2.96 (2.92 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax>3; Fec = 3,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
