Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 20 - 300 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 28°S
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea south to Mossel Bay, South Africa and east to India and Sri Lanka.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 34.6, range 35 - 45 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3507)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 11 - 12; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 10-11; गुदा कांटा 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8. Silvery with faint, red crossbars; dead specimens almost white or purple.
Found over rocky substrates of coastal waters. Juveniles stay in sheltered areas of estuaries (Ref. 5213). Large specimens caught from the shore only when seas are rough (Ref. 3198). Marketed fresh, whole or dried.
Also reported as a 'rudimentary hermaphrodite' or 'late gonochorist' where individuals posses an immature intersexual gonad but mature as either male or female fish with no eveidence of sexual reversal (Ref. 28504).
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
अधिक जानकारी
संदर्भजलीयकृषिजलीयकृषि रूपरेखाखींचआनुवंशिकीElectrophoresesहैरेटिबिलटीबीमारीप्रक्रमणNutrientsMass conversion
सहयोगीयोतस्वीरेStamps, Coins Misc.ध्वनिसिगुयटिरारफ्तारतैरने के प्रकारगिल क्षेत्रOtolithsदिमागदृष्टि
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.8 - 27.7, mean 23.9 °C (based on 306 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01217 - 0.01566), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.07-0.18; tmax=22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [12.9, 43.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.467 [0.255, 0.927] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.149 [0.093, 0.244] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [25.2, 92.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68.3 [19.5, 227.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.72, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
