分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 60 m (Ref. 9710). 热带; 29°N - 27°S, 33°E - 171°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and the Phoenix Islands, north to Japan, south to Australia. Unknown from the Persian Gulf, Hawaii, and French Polynesia. Often confused with Epinephelus polyphekadion (=Epinephelus microdon of recent authors).
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到美属萨摩亚与凤凰岛,北至日本, 南至澳洲。 未知的从波斯湾，夏威夷与法属玻里尼西亚。 时常与 清水石斑鱼〔Epinephelus polyphekadion〕 互相混淆。 (=最近作家的 小牙石斑鱼〔Epinephelus microdon〕 )
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 48.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2114); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9137); 最大体重: 11.0 kg (Ref. 5222); 最大年龄: 40 年 (Ref. 74383)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 14-15; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, its depth 2.6-2.9 in SL (for specimens 11-55 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; interorbital area flat or slightly concave; dorsal head profile of adults indented at eyes and distinctly convex from there to dorsal-fin origin; rounded preopercle, finely serrate; upper edge of operculum distinctly convex, descending almost vertically to rear end of operculum; ventral edge of preorbital bone indented below nostrils; maxilla extends well posterior to eye; midlateral part of lower jaw with 3 or 4 rows of teeth; posterior nostrils triangular, 4-7 times larger than anteriors in adults; gill rakers on first gill arch 10-12 + 17-21 (rudiments often difficult to count), gill rakers short and stout, raker at angle subequal to longest gill filaments, other rakers distinctly shorter; cycloid scales except ctenoid in juvenile; body with auxiliary scales; caudal fin rounded; pectoral-fin rays 18-20; lateral-line scales 52 to 58. Colour: pale yellowish brown, with 5 vertical series of dark brown blotches that are very irregular in outline; head, body, and fins covered with close-set small brown spots, those on the dark blotches much darker than spots in between blotches; caudal peduncle with small black saddle dorsally; 2 or 3 faint, dark bars at side of jaws (Ref. 39231, 89707).
小的稚鱼 (<8 公分) 在头部与身体上有小的六角形的斑点后部变的较大与在垂直的鳍上.(参考文献 37816)
Occurs in lagoon pinnacles, channels, and outer reef slopes, in coral-rich (Ref. 1937) areas and with clear waters. Juveniles in seagrass beds (Ref. 30573, 41878). Feeds on fishes, crabs, and cephalopods. May be ciguatoxic in some areas (Ref. 1602). Mainly active at dusk (Ref. 48635). Palau fishers increase their drop-line and spear-gun catches through knowledge of reproductive cycle of remochel, one of most important species in the area (Ref. 2928). Cultured under experimental conditions in the Philippines; a candidate for aquaculture in Singapore. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, and spear and occasionally seen in local markets (Ref. 39231).
出现于泻湖峰顶，峡道与外礁斜坡, 在珊瑚礁繁盛的区域中与且水流清澈的地方。 稚鱼在海草床。 (参考文献 30573) 吃鱼，螃蟹与头足类动物。 在一些地区的可能具有热带海鱼毒.(参考文献 1602) 主要活跃在薄暮.(参考文献 48635) 帛琉渔夫经过 remochel 的生殖周期的知识增加他们的系流网与鱼枪捕获, 在区域中的最重要种之一.(参考文献 2928) 在菲律宾在实验的情况养殖; 为在新加坡的水产业的一个候选鱼种。 在香港活鱼贩售。 (参考文献 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到美属萨摩亚与凤凰岛,北至日本, 南至澳洲。 未知的从波斯湾，夏威夷与法属玻里尼西亚。 时常与 清水石斑鱼〔Epinephelus polyphekadion〕 互相混淆。 (=最近作家的 小牙石斑鱼〔Epinephelus microdon〕 )
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1118 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00704 - 0.01558), b=3.03 (2.92 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.72 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (91 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.8 [8.2, 37.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.411 [0.216, 0.842] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.3, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.066, 0.180] g/100g; Selenium = 42.7 [24.5, 79.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 116 [32, 420] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.985 [0.688, 1.401] mg/100g (wet weight);
