分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 深度上下限 9 - 1210 m (Ref. 9872), usually 200 - 500 m (Ref. 3583). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 35°S
Eastern Atlantic: Madeira and the Canary Islands to Senegal, Gulf of Guinea and South Africa. Western Atlantic: southern Scotian Shelf, Canada to Greater Antilles, western Caribbean, Panama and northern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 7334). Indo-Pacific: off Natal (South Africa), Bay of Bengal, southern Australia, Chatham Plateau around New Zealand, and the Philippines (Ref. 4181). Also in northern South America (Moore, pers. comm.).
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島與加納利群島到塞內加爾，幾內亞灣與南非。 西大西洋: 加拿大Scotian 大陸棚南部到大安地列斯群島，加勒比海西部，巴拿馬與墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 7334) 印度-太平洋: 納塔爾外海 (南非) ，孟加拉灣，澳洲南部, Chatham 紐西蘭的周圍達到穩定水準, 與菲律賓.(參考文獻 4181) 也在南美洲北部 (摩爾， pers. comm.)。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3695); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3695)
背棘 (总数): 7 - 8; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 12. Head with a concave forehead profile and with large mucous cavities covered by tough skin; mouth large and oblique; opercle and preopercle each with a large strong spine; body deep, about 2.1 times in SL; ventral keel with 10 - 14 very robust scutes; caudal fin forked but rounded. Color of head and body is dusky pink, sides with silvery tinge, fins red; tongue and gill cavity blackish; palate white to red (Ref. 7331). Pale beet red to light rosy. Back light red to brownish red, lower sides light silvery gray (Ref. 37108).
头部有一个凹的前额轮廓而且有大的被硬皮盖着的黏液孔; 嘴大的且斜; 鳃盖与前鳃盖骨每个具有一个大的硬棘; 身体纵深, 大约标准体长比率 2.1; 腹面龙骨脊有 10- 14个非常结实的鳞甲; 尾鳍分岔了但是圆的。 头部与身体的颜色是暗粉红色,侧边有银色的淡色，鳍红色; 舌与鳃腔黑色的; 上颚白色到红色.(参考文献 7331) 灰白的甜菜红色到淡的玫瑰红色的。 背面淡红色到红褐色的, 下侧淡的银灰色的.(参考文献 37108)
Lives close to or on the bottom of the upper continental slope. Prefers hard substrates. Young specimens feed on small shrimps and fish (Ref. 4784). A deep sea species, nonetheless, the young are often found near the coast (Ref. 9137). Utilized as fishmeal and source of oil in eastern central Atlantic (Ref. 3695).
生活于接近大陆坡上层的底部。 偏爱坚硬的底部。 幼鱼吃小的虾与鱼。 (参考文献 4784) 一个深的海洋种, 然而，幼鱼时常在海岸的附近被发现.(参考文献 9137) 在中大西洋东部中用来作鱼粉与油的来源了。 (参考文献 3695)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島與加納利群島到塞內加爾，幾內亞灣與南非。 西大西洋: 加拿大Scotian 大陸棚南部到大安地列斯群島，加勒比海西部，巴拿馬與墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 7334) 印度-太平洋: 納塔爾外海 (南非) ，孟加拉灣，澳洲南部, Chatham 紐西蘭的周圍達到穩定水準, 與菲律賓.(參考文獻 4181) 也在南美洲北部 (摩爾， pers. comm.)。
Maul, G.E., 1990. Trachichthyidae. p. 620-622. In J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3583)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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俗名同种异名新陈代谢捕食者生态毒物学繁殖成熟度产卵场产卵群集孕卵数卵卵的发育
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.1 - 18.7, mean 12.2 °C (based on 848 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00901 - 0.02662), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.4 [10.0, 119.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.308, 1.494] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.5, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.319 [0.117, 0.902] g/100g; Selenium = 54.7 [19.5, 151.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [4.9, 138.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.632 [0.395, 1.045] mg/100g (wet weight);
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