分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 80 - 800 m (Ref. 2683), usually 300 - 400 m (Ref. 5217). 亞熱帶的; 50°N - 36°S, 180°W - 180°E
Tropical and warm temperate waters of all oceans, but absent from eastern Pacific except at Sala y Gomez Ridge.
所有海洋的熱帶與溫帶水域, 但是東太平洋沒有出現除了在 Sala y Gomez 脊之外。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 47.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6181); common length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3403)
背棘 (總數): 18 - 20; 背的軟條 (總數): 17-20; 臀棘 2-3; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 17. Body moderately elongate. Mouth with fang-like teeth. Spinescent gill rakers on the first arch with 1 - 3 cusps and many small spines; the angular raker long and triple-rooted. Body entirely scaled at over 20 - 25 cm SL. Pyloric caeca 7 or 8. Color is grayish to copper brown; fins blackish at over 40 cm SL, yellowish with black tips in smaller specimens (the first dorsal fin with a black blotch on two anteriormost membranes); the buccal and branchial cavities are black. Pelvic fin reduced to one spine that becomes entirely absent in specimens more than 40 cm SL.
身體中等細長的。 嘴部具有尖牙狀的齒。 在第一個弓上的 Spinescent 鰓耙 1- 3個尖頭與許多小的棘; 隅骨耙長的而且有三個根部。 身體完全地覆有鱗片的在超過 20- 25 公分 SL。 幽門盲囊 7 或 8. 色彩是淺灰色的對銅褐色; 鰭黑色的在超過 40 公分 SL, 淡黃色的在較小的標本中有黑色的頂端;(第一背鰭在二個最前面的薄膜上具有一個黑色的斑塊) 那口的與鰓室是黑色的。 腹鰭縮小成一根完全地變成的棘不存在於標本超過 40 公分 SL。
Found at continental slopes, around oceanic islands and submarine rises (Ref. 6181). Meso-benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Migrate to midwater at night (Ref. 6181). Feed on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6181). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6766).
在大洋性島嶼與海底隆起的周圍發現在大陸斜坡了。 (參考文獻 6181) 迴游到中層水域在晚上。 (參考文獻 6181) 吃魚，頭足類動物與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 6181)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Probably spawns throughout the year in warmer seas. 所有海洋的熱帶與溫帶水域, 但是東太平洋沒有出現除了在 Sala y Gomez 脊之外。
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 16.5, mean 11.1 °C (based on 329 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00224 - 0.00588), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.17-0.18; tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.6 [15.0, 65.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.62 [0.29, 1.21] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.255 [0.146, 0.444] g/100g; Selenium = 60.5 [27.5, 122.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [3.6, 42.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.55 [0.38, 0.82] mg/100g (wet weight);
