分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae (Parrotfishes)
鸚哥魚科 (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Bolbometopon: Greek, bolbos-ou = onion + Greek, metopon = brow (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 90102). 热带; 34°N - 26°S, 32°E - 145°W (Ref. 116632)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and the Line Islands, north to the Yaeyama and Wake islands, south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia.
印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到美属萨摩亚与列岛群岛, 北至八重山与维克岛, 南至大堡礁与新加勒多尼亚。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 70.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9793); 最大体重: 46.0 kg (Ref. 2334)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: median predorsal scales 2-4 (may be obscured by hump); 3 scale rows on cheek, 1 (4-6), 2 (3-6), 3 (1-2); pectoral-fin rays 16 or 17; steep profile distinctive; nodules on teeth unique (Ref. 9793); prominent bump on forehead of adult (evident at least 25 cm TL); deep body 2.0-2.5 in SL, with depth increasing with growth; Colour of juveniles brownish to green with 5 vertical rows of whitish spots on side, the primary phase is a dull gray with scattered white spots, gradually becoming uniformly dark green (Ref. 90102, 1602).
中央的前背鳞片 2 到 4;(可能是被隆起遮掩) 在颊的鳞片列 1(4-6) 上的鳞片,2(3-6),3(1-2).(参考文献 9793) 有时与头部隆起隆头鱼或其他的 '头部隆起' 鹦哥鱼互相混淆。 (参考文献 1602) 不像隆头鱼, 它有一个垂直的头部轮廓, 而且不像其他的鹦哥鱼，它均匀地被涵盖除了头部的前缘时常是淡绿色的到粉红色的, 而且有一个小节的外部表面到它的喙.(参考文献 1602) 初期的阶段是一暗灰色的有分散的白色斑点, 逐渐地变成全深绿色.(参考文献 1602)
Juveniles are found in lagoons while adults inhabit clear outer lagoon and seaward reefs up to depths of at least 30 m (Ref. 9710). They ‘sleep’ in caves and often in shipwrecks at night (Ref. 48636). They are usually in small groups feeding on benthic algae, live corals (Ref. 9710) and shellfishes (Ref. 58784). They sometimes ram their head against corals to facilitate feeding (Ref. 9710). The largest and wariest of the parrotfishes. Assessments showed their vulnerability to overfishing (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
稚鱼发现于泻湖了; 成鱼在清澈且较外面的泻湖与临海礁石到深度至少 30 公尺.(参考文献 9710) 通常形成小的群。 吃水底的藻类与活珊瑚。 可能用头撞击珊瑚促进进食。 (参考文献 9710) 睡在洞中与常见于遇难船中在晚上.(参考文献 48636) 鹦哥鱼的最大的与最小心的。 应受保育的由于捕捞过度。 (参考文献 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 103751.印度-太平洋: 红海而且东非到美属萨摩亚与列岛群岛, 北至八重山与维克岛, 南至大堡礁与新加勒多尼亚。
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 2570 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00641 - 0.02973), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (92 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19 [11, 34] mg/100g; Iron = 0.448 [0.252, 0.800] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.8, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.0876 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 43.7 [22.6, 76.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 40.3 [12.6, 120.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.81, 1.69] mg/100g (wet weight);
