分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped). (See ETYFish); pelagicus: Pelagic, (from pelagos, Greek for sea), referring to its “living in the upper layer of the sea,” in contrast to A. profundus [=superciliosus], which Nakamura believed dwelled on the “sea-bottom”). (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 300 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 150 m (Ref. 55167). 熱帶; 40°N - 42°S, 16°E - 70°W (Ref. 54277)
Circumglobal. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Maldives (Ref. 30829), Somalia, South Africa, Western Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands and Tahiti. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and the Galapagos. Reliable records lacking partly due to its confusion with Alopias vulpinus.
Circumglobal。 印度-太平洋: 紅海，阿拉伯海，馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) ，索馬利亞，南非，西澳大利亞，中國，台灣，日本，新加勒多尼亞，夏威夷群島與大溪地島。 東太平洋: 加州灣與加拉巴哥島。 缺乏可靠的記錄部分是由於它的與 Alopias vulpinus 混淆.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 287.0, range 260 - 292 cm
Max length : 428 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 106604); 383.0 cm TL (female); common length : 276 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. ); 最大年龄: 29 年 (Ref. 48844)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A small thresher with moderately large eyes, a broadly convex forehead, a very narrow caudal tip, and straight, broad-tipped pectoral fins (Ref. 5578). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like, almost equal to length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but strong; terminal lobe very small (Ref. 13570). Dark blue on back and sides, underside white; no white patch over pectoral fin bases (Ref. 5578).
一种小的长尾鲛有普通大的眼，一个明显地凸出前额，一个非常狭窄的尾部顶端与直又顶端宽的胸鳍。 (参考文献 5578) 尾鳍上叶非常长而带状的, 几乎等于其他鲨鱼的长度; 下叶短但是强的; 端叶非常小的.(参考文献 13570) 深蓝色背面与侧边, 腹面白色的; 没有在胸鳍基底上的白色斑块.(参考文献 5578)
Primarily an oceanic species but sometimes close inshore (Ref. 247, 5578, 58302); neritic to oceanic, 0-152 m (Ref. 11230). Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). Mesopelagic in the tropics; may enter atoll lagoons (Ref. 37816). Stuns its prey with its tail, presumably feeding on small fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 6871). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Sometimes caught by ski-boat anglers (Ref. 5578). Utilized for human consumption, liver oil for vitamin extraction, hides for leather, and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 13570). A very common catch in the tuna and shark longline, and tuna drift net fisheries (Ref.58048). Maximum and common size of males estimated from discussion in Ref. 247. Adult females may reach at least 330 cm TL (Ref. 47613).
主要地一个大洋性鱼种但是有时近岸;(参考文献 247,5578) 浅海的到大洋性的,0-152 公尺.(参考文献 11230) 中层带在热带中; 可能进入环礁泻湖。 (参考文献 37816) 打昏它的猎物用它的尾部, 可能吃小鱼与头足类动物.(参考文献 6871) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃卵黄囊而且其他的卵产生于母亲了。 (参考文献 50449) 有时被雪橇船垂钓者捕获了。 (参考文献 5578) 供人类食用, 肝油用于萃取维他命，皮用做皮革与鳍用于鱼翅汤.(参考文献 13570) 最大的与普遍雄性的大小在参考文献 247 估计自讨论了。 雌性成鱼可能达到至少 330 公分TL 。 (参考文献 47613)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449, 42326). Usually with at least two young (Ref. 6871). Size at birth about 100 cm (Ref. 6871); 130-160 cm TL (Ref. 58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).Circumglobal。 印度-太平洋: 紅海，阿拉伯海，馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) ，索馬利亞，南非，西澳大利亞，中國，台灣，日本，新加勒多尼亞，夏威夷群島與大溪地島。 東太平洋: 加州灣與加拉巴哥島。 缺乏可靠的記錄部分是由於它的與 Alopias vulpinus 混淆.
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.7 - 28.6, mean 26.7 °C (based on 2246 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00411 - 0.02665), b=2.94 (2.72 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=2; tm=7-9; tmax = 29).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.5 [3.6, 65.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.765 [0.179, 2.248] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.5, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.096, 0.582] g/100g; Selenium = 65.4 [16.1, 211.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.66 [3.23, 29.16] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.469 [0.225, 0.893] mg/100g (wet weight);
