分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Hexanchiformes (Frill and cow sharks) >
Hexanchidae (Cow sharks)
Etymology: Hexanchus: hex (Gr.), six; anchus, etymology unclear, perhaps anchos (Gr.), choke or throttle, referring to how six gill openings of H. griseus extend down onto the throat. (See ETYFish); griseus: Medieval Latin for gray, reflecting the French vernacular “Le Griset,” referring to its dark-gray coloration. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 2500 m (Ref. 58302), usually 180 - 1100 m (Ref. 45445). 亞熱帶的; 6°C - 10°C (Ref. 125614); 65°N - 48°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal with patchy distribution and possibly absent from Arctic and Antarctic. Highly migratory species.
幾乎在熱帶與溫帶海洋中的 circumglobal.(參考文獻 13573) 西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達 (美國) 與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷北部。 東大西洋: 冰島與挪威到那米比亞, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 馬達加斯加，莫三比克與南非。 西太平洋: 日本東部到紐西蘭與夏威夷。 東太平洋: 阿留申群島, 阿拉斯加到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞; 也智利。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139,41819)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 441.0, range 400 - 482 cm
Max length : 600 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 124786); common length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 590.0 kg (Ref. 27436)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A heavily-bodied, broad-headed sixgill shark, mouth ventral with 6 rows of lower, bladelike, comb-shaped teeth on each side (Ref. 247). Snout broadly rounded, body fusiform (Ref. 6871). Anal fin smaller than dorsal fin (Ref. 6871). Brown or grey above, paler below, with a light stripe along side (Ref. 26346). Fins with white edges (Ref. 6574). Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes (Ref. 6871). Six gill slits are very long (Ref. 35388).
一只身体很重的, 宽头的六条鳃裂的鲨鱼, 腹下的嘴具有 6 列的低，刀叶状的，和梳状的牙齿在两边.(参考文献 247) 吻宽广地圆的, 身体纺锤型.(参考文献 6871) 比背鳍小的臀鳍.(参考文献 6871) 背面褐色或灰色的，腹面灰白的, 沿着侧边具有一个淡色条纹.(参考文献 26346) 鳍有白色的边缘。 (参考文献 6574) 活体有萤光的绿色眼。 (参考文献 6871) 六个鳃缝非常长。 (参考文献 35388)
Depth range reported at 0m-2500m (Ref. 125614). A deepwater species of the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 6871, 75154), islands, seamounts and mid-ocean ridges (Ref. 125614). Near bottom, occasionally pelagic, adults usually below 91 m (Ref. 58302). Juveniles may be found close inshore (Ref. 6871), while nursery areas are in very shallow waters (Ref. 125614). Found on the bottom by day, moving to the surface at night to feed, and where it may take longlines set for other species (Ref. 45445). Depth distribution related to growth and temperature, with juveniles having most shallow records and from colder, poleward regions (Ref. 58302). Generally occurs at a bottom temperature of 6 to 10°C (Ref. 125614). Feeds on a wide range of marine organisms, including other sharks, rays, chimaeras, bony fish, squids, crabs, shrimps, carrion, and even seals (Ref. 26969). Large sharks (at least 2m) take cetaceans and seals. Viviparous, very large litters of 47-108 pups (Ref. 125614). Give birth to almost 100 young (Ref. 35388). Young and adults may be segregated, with the young using inshore nursery grounds. Possibly long-lived (Ref. 125614). Is a eurytrophic predator that is capable of exploiting a wide range of prey species and habitats (Ref. 26969). A vertical migrant, it may sit on the bottom by day, and rise to the surface at night to feed (Ref. 247). It occurs alone or in groups. Adults are more sensitive to light than the juveniles and less seen in clear shallow waters, but more prevalent at night or areas with dense plankton blooms (Ref. 125614). It is locally common in bycatch and target fisheries for food, fishmeal and oil, and in sports fisheries, but vulnerable to overfishing and requires careful management (Ref. 125614). Marketed fresh, frozen, or dried salted (Ref. 247). Not known to have attacked people without provocation (Ref. 247).
深度范围在 0 公尺-2000 公尺报告。 大陆棚和岛屿棚外缘与上层斜坡的一种深水种.(参考文献 6871) 稚鱼可能被发现于近岸。 (参考文献 6871) 白天栖息于底部了, 移动到表面在晚上觅食, 与在那里它可能认为延绳钓组是其他的种.(参考文献 45445) 吃宽范围的海洋生物, 包括其他的鲨鱼，魟，银鲛，硬骨鱼，乌贼，螃蟹，虾，腐肉, 甚至海豹。 卵胎生的 (参考文献 205), 藉由 22 到 108个幼胎一胎.(参考文献 247) 在市场上销售生鲜地了, 冷冻 , 或干燥盐腌; 也利用作為一個油與魚粉的來源。 不知道沒有激怒曾經攻擊過人.(參考文獻 247) 對幾乎 100個幼魚生產。 (參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, very large litters of 47-108 pups (Ref. 125614). Size at birth 60-75 cm (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).幾乎在熱帶與溫帶海洋中的 circumglobal.(參考文獻 13573) 西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達 (美國) 與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷北部。 東大西洋: 冰島與挪威到那米比亞, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 馬達加斯加，莫三比克與南非。 西太平洋: 日本東部到紐西蘭與夏威夷。 東太平洋: 阿留申群島, 阿拉斯加到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞; 也智利。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139,41819)
Ebert, D.A., S. Fowler and M. Dando, 2021. Sharks of the World: A complete guide. Princeton University Press, 607p. (Ref. 125614)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.6 - 15.7, mean 8.1 °C (based on 3800 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8281 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00117 (0.00066 - 0.00209), b=3.18 (3.01 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec= 22-108).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.75 [2.27, 47.99] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.163, 2.072] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.5, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.24 [0.10, 0.59] g/100g; Selenium = 79.6 [24.5, 261.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.68 [0.99, 13.90] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.324 [0.155, 0.615] mg/100g (wet weight);
