分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
The spelling of the genus is C*h*romileptes in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697). Although it is a logical change, it needs further inverstigations because of the general usage of C**romileptes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 40 m (Ref. 9710), usually 5 - 25 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 32°N - 23°S, 88°E - 170°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: southern Japan to Palau, Guam, New Caledonia and southern Queensland, Australia. Eastern Indian Ocean: Nicobar Islands to Broome, Western Australia. Reports from western Indian Ocean (Heemstra and Randall 1984, 1986, Ref. 3153 and 4319 respectively) are unsubstantiated, except one from Kenya (Smith 1954, Ref. 6514) which seems valid. Records from Hawaii are probably based on released aquarium fishes (Ref. 4787).
西太平洋: 日本南部到帛琉，關島，新加勒多尼亞與澳洲的昆士蘭南部。 東印度洋: 尼古巴群島到西澳的布魯姆。 除了似乎有效種的一個來自肯亞 (史密斯 1954 世, 參考文獻 6514) 以外,來自西印度洋 (Heemstra 與 Randall 1984,1986, 參考文獻 3153 與 4319 分別地) 的報告是未證實的。 來自夏威夷的紀錄是可能以被釋放的觀賞魚為依據.(參考文獻 4787)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 39 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 17-19; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10. This species is easily distinguished by its extreme smallness of size of the anterior part of the head as compared to the elevated postorbital part; absence of canine teeth, except for a very small pair at the front of the upper jaw; D X, 17-19; A III, 10 (rarely 9); a slit-like posterior nostril; color greenish white to light greenish brown with scattered round black spots on head, body, and fins, with body spots generally larger than those on head and fins; about 9 large roundish dusky blotches may be present on body, with some extending partly into base of dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 5222); characterized further by having moderately deep body, greatest depth 2.5-3.0 in SL; small eyes; concave dorsal profile of head; rounded caudal fin (Ref. 90102).
Generally inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs and are typically found in dead or silty areas (Ref. 9710). Also found around coral reefs and in tide pools. Growth is very slow. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 37816). Artificial spawning was accomplished in the work of Tang et al. 1979 (Ref. 6568) where buoyant eggs measured 0.80-0.83 mm in diameter with a single oil droplet. Larvae died 7 days after hatching. Juveniles are commonly caught for the aquarium trade while adults are utilized as food fish (Ref. 9710). Sold in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
通常居住於潟湖與臨海礁石而且是發現於典型的死或淤泥的區域。 (參考文獻 9710) 也珊瑚礁的周圍與在潮池中發現。 成長非常慢。 捕食小魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 37816) 人工產卵是由 Tang 等人完成。 1979(參考文獻 6568) 卵是有浮力的地方,0.80-0.83 mm 直徑具有一個小油滴; 仔魚在 7 天之後死了。 稚魚是因為通常而捕捉的水族貿易雖然成魚被利用作為一個食用魚.(參考文獻 9710) 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西太平洋: 日本南部到帛琉，關島，新加勒多尼亞與澳洲的昆士蘭南部。 東印度洋: 尼古巴群島到西澳的布魯姆。 除了似乎有效種的一個來自肯亞 (史密斯 1954 世, 參考文獻 6514) 以外,來自西印度洋 (Heemstra 與 Randall 1984,1986, 參考文獻 3153 與 4319 分別地) 的報告是未證實的。 來自夏威夷的紀錄是可能以被釋放的觀賞魚為依據.(參考文獻 4787)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 702 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00676 - 0.02691), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.8 [16.1, 56.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.280, 0.985] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.5, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.066, 0.190] g/100g; Selenium = 36.5 [18.6, 74.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 66 [18, 285] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.633 [0.403, 0.990] mg/100g (wet weight);
