Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 50 - 300 m (Ref. 4319). Tropical; 21°N - 32°S, 30°E - 179°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Natal coast of South Africa, northern Mozambique, Reunion, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Philippines, New Guinea, New Ireland, and Fiji. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Unknown in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 4787); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 50.0 kg (Ref. 4787)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 11; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 14-15; колючие лучи анального плавника 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: pale brown body color with small dark brown to greyish green spots unevenly scattered on the dorsolateral parts of the head and body, dorsal and caudal fin; one row of close-set spots running posteriorly from the eye in a distinct line; absence of spots on the body below the level of the pectoral fins or on the anal and paired fins; body depth contained 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; flat to convex interorbital area, dorsal head profile almost straight; angular preopercle, 2-4 distinctly enlarged serrae at angle; slightly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostril not much larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches below rear half of eye, ventral edge with low step at the distal expansion; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw, inner teeth larger than outer teeth (Ref. 89707).
Known only in deep water in the vicinity of coral reefs. Biology unknown. It is an excellent food fish.
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
ссылкиаквакультура (рыбоводство)особенности рыбоводствастепень растяжениягенетикаElectrophoresesнаследуемостьболезниобработкаNutrientsMass conversion
соавторыизображенияStamps, Coins Misc.звукиCiguateraскоростьтип плаванияжаберная областьOtolithsмозгзрение
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 27.6, mean 23.7 °C (based on 194 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.01098 - 0.03017), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (tmax=11; Fec=46,769).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.1 [7.1, 33.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.431 [0.219, 0.880] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.3, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.072, 0.215] g/100g; Selenium = 66.9 [36.0, 135.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 76.6 [20.8, 280.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.862 [0.587, 1.270] mg/100g (wet weight);
