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> Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Tetraodontidae (Puffers) > Tetraodontinae
Etymology: More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 3 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 37°N - 33°S, 32°E - 168°E

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (including the south coast of South Africa, Ref. 4919) to Indonesia, north to southern Japan.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 116289); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 775.00 g (Ref. 116289)

deskripsi pendek Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 9-11; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 9 - 17. Body covered with prickles (Ref. 559). Dark bars on side of head and below pectoral fins; juvenile specimens from the Pacific with longitudinal dark stripes on belly (Ref. 4919).

Inhabits weedy areas, often in estuaries; seagrass beds (Ref. 41878) and mangrove areas in 1-1.5 m. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Specimens caught by trawling over silty bottoms in 17 m. (Ref. 9137).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Oviparous (Ref. 205).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Matsuura, Keiichi | mitra

Randall, J.E., 1985. On the validity of the tetraodontid fish Arothron manilensis (Procé). Jap. J. Ichthyol. 32(3):347-354. (Ref. 5170)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 June 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Poisonous to eat (Ref. 393)

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Akuarium publik

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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semak penyelenggaraan akuarium | semak helaian fakta spesis | semak helaian fakta aqulcalture

muat turun XML

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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.3 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3402 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03236 (0.02015 - 0.05198), b=2.82 (2.69 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 2.5 ±0.20 se; based on food items.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 45.4 [19.1, 104.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.647 [0.341, 1.401] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.052, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 33.7 [16.3, 75.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.6 [9.8, 143.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.44 [0.95, 2.28] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)