分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Squatiniformes (Angel sharks)
扁鯊目 (Angel sharks) >
Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
琵琶鮫科 (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned). (See ETYFish); africana: ana- (L.), belonging to: Africa, referring to distribution from South Africa to Mozambique, Tanzania and Madagascar. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Regan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 494 m (Ref. 5578), usually 60 - 300 m (Ref. 5578). 亞熱帶的; 4°S - 32°S
Western Indian Ocean: tropical and warm temperate waters from Tanzania to the eastern Cape coast of South Africa.
西印度洋: 來自坦尚尼亞到的熱帶與溫帶的水域南非的岬海岸東部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 91.5, range 90 - 93 cm
Max length : 84.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 128961); 108.0 cm TL (female)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
This medium-sized angel shark species (maximum size 122.0 or possibly 130.0 cm TL) posess the following characters: no median row of scute-like denticles on the trunk; anterior nasal flap has two lateral, elongate barbels and a medial rectangular barbel, the ventral margin of medial barbel is slightly fringed, but that of lateral barbels are almost smooth; posterior nasal flap without additional barblet; concave between eyes; pectoral-pelvic space 6.0-10.2% TL; pectoral-fin apex is angular; pelvic-fin free rear tips do not reach level of first dorsal-fin origin; tail moderately long, its length from cloaca 51.2-53.2% TL; pectoral fins are moderately long, length 31.8-35.6% TL; dorsal fins are not lobe-like; first dorsal-fin base is somewhat longer than second dorsal-fin base; caudal fin of adults with angular apices; monospondylous centra 46-49; diplosondylous precaudal centra 58-62; total precaudal centra 104-111; total vertebral centra 134-143; pectoral-fin skeleton is with propterygium articulating with three radials. Colouration: dorsal medium to dark brown, reddish-brown or grayish, with a variable pattern of numerous light and dark reddish spots and blotches, marbled with brownish reticulations and partially forming symmetrical dark bands or saddles (Ref. 128961).
一明顯地平的鯊魚有與凹槽的圓頭部分開的大胸鰭.(參考文獻 5578) 背面褐色的具有一個淡色的斑點的網狀圖案, 腹面白色的.(參考文獻 5578)
Found on the continental shelf and uppermost slope, from the surf line close inshore to 494 m depth (Ref. 247). Feeds on bony fish, squid and octopus (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with about 7 to 11 young in a litter (Ref. 247). Largest juvenile males measured with clearly immature claspers are 45.3 cm TL (ZMH 26100) and 50.3 cm TL (MNHN-IC-1987-1265) while the largest female examined is 94.0 cm TL (SAIAB 187381) and possibly an adult; while small female specimens of 29.3 cm TL (ZMMU P-14844), 30.9 cm TL (ZMH 123064), and 38.5 cm TL (MNHN-IC-1988-0359) mm TL are clearly juvenile (Ref. 128961). Sometimes caught by surf anglers (Ref. 6588).
棲息於大陸棚與最上面的斜坡， 494 公尺深的從碎浪區近岸了。 (參考文獻 247) 吃硬骨魚，烏賊與章魚。 (參考文獻 247) 卵胎生的 (參考文獻 50449), 有大約 7 到 11 幼魚在一胎.(參考文獻 247) 有時被海邊垂釣者捕獲了。 (參考文獻 6588)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous, with about 7 to 11 young in a litter. Size at birth between 28 and 34 cm. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).西印度洋: 來自坦尚尼亞到的熱帶與溫帶的水域南非的岬海岸東部。
Weigmann, S., D.F.B. Vaz, K.V. Akhilesh, R.H. Leeney and G.J.P. Naylor, 2023. Revision of the western Indian ocean angel sharks, genus Squatina (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae), with description of a new species and redescription of the African angel shark Squatina africana Regan, 1908. Biology 2023, 12(77):975. (Ref. 128961)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 15 July 2017
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
年龄/大小成長長度-重量長度-長度長度-頻率形態測量圖型態特徵仔魚稚魚動力學入添量豐度BRUVS
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14 - 24.8, mean 18.2 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00258 - 0.00888), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
