分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Plesiobatidae (Deepwater stingrays)
Etymology: Plesiobatis: Greek, plesios = near + Greek, Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 44 - 780 m (Ref. 58302), usually 275 - 680 m (Ref. 9914). 深水域; 39°N - 37°S, 20°E - 154°W
Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Mozambique, southern India, east to the Philippines (Ref. 5281), north to Japan and south to Australia. Also reported from the Hawaiian Islands.
印度-太平洋: 南非，莫三比克 , 印度南部, 東至菲律賓 (參考文獻 5281), 北至日本而且南至澳洲。 也記錄自夏威夷群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 194.5, range 189 - 200 cm
Max length : 270 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3263)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0. A giant plain stingray with a broadly pointed snout, small eyes and a round disc; tail short with a long caudal fin and a narrow sting; upper surface covered with denticles (Ref. 5578). Grey-black to brownish or purplish-brown above, white below; rear edges of pelvic fins and tail grey; disc edges black, and sting light (Ref. 5578).
一个庞大的单色 具有一个尖端宽的吻，小的眼与一个圆的体盘; 尾部很短的有一个长的尾鳍与一个狭窄的刺; 上表皮覆盖着细齿了。 (参考文献 5578) 灰黑色的对褐色或紫褐色的上方, 腹面白色的; 腹鳍与尾部后缘灰色的; 体盘边缘黑色, 与刺的颜色较淡.(参考文献 5578)
Found on the outer shelf and upper slope (Ref. 5578), on soft bottoms (Ref. 9914) at depths of 275-680 m (Ref.58048). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on small pelagic fish, eels, crabs, shrimp, lobsters, cephalopods and polychaete worms (Ref. 5578). The specimen taken from a depth of 44 m was caught off Mozambique (Ref. 9914). Its sting is long and can inflict a painful wound if handled. Caught occasionally by demersal longline fisheries in deepwater. Utilized for its meat, but not of a particularly high value (Ref.58048).
在软质底部上, 栖息于外部的大陆棚与上层斜坡 (参考文献 5578)了。 (参考文献 9914) 吃小型大洋性鱼类鱼，鳗鱼，螃蟹，虾，龙虾，头足类动物与多毛类的蠕虫。 (参考文献 5578) 取自深度的标本 44 公尺被捕捉莫桑比克外海.(参考文献 9914)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 南非，莫三比克 , 印度南部, 東至菲律賓 (參考文獻 5281), 北至日本而且南至澳洲。 也記錄自夏威夷群島。
Nishida, K., 1990. Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 37(1,2) (serial no. 54):1-108. (Ref. 7444)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.7 - 14.3, mean 9.7 °C (based on 641 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
