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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 3 - 40 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 30°N - 31°S, 30°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to Natal, South Africa extending east to Indonesia and the Philippines. Record from Hawaiii is an error.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm 12.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 30874); common length : 20.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9947)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 8; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 9; колючие лучи анального плавника 1; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 15-17 (usually 16). Gill rakers 7-9 + 27-30 (total 34-39). Body moderately elongate, the depth 3.3-3.7 in SL; head length (HL) 2.8-3.2 in SL; snout length 1.7-1.9 in HL; barbels long, their length 1.1-1.25 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.45-1.75 in HL; penultimate ray of second dorsal fin of adults 1.25-1.6 in last dorsal ray, the last ray relatively longer with growth; pectoral fins 1.3-1.5 in HL; pelvic fins 1.2-1.45 in HL. Body gray to grayish red dorsally, whitish to pink ventrally, with a black stripe from eye along lateral line to anterior part of caudal peduncle; a roundish black spot larger than eye on side of peduncle about two-thirds above lateral line; a broad white zone extending anterior to peduncular spot to below posterior part of second dorsal fin; a vertical pale blue line or spot often present on scales below black stripe; a dusky band often present on snout from eye to side of upper lip; barbels white; first dorsal and caudal fins reddish gray; basal one-third to one-half of second dorsal fin black, the dark pigment continuing to end of last ray and adjacent membrane; outer part of fin with narrow pale blue and yellow stripes; anal fin dusky yellow with faint narrow pale blue stripes (Ref. 54393).
Pale area at end of black stripe and dusky basal stripe in second dorsal fin distinguished it from the similar P. barberinus (Ref. 48636).
Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs to over 25 m (Ref. 9710). Found on sandy or weedy bottoms (Ref. 30573); rarely at depths of more than 40 meters (Ref. 54393). Usually seen solitary but often several individuals nearby (Ref. 48636). Feeds mainly on crustaceans and worms (Ref. 54393).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; аквариум: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
ссылкиаквакультура (рыбоводство)особенности рыбоводствастепень растяжениягенетикаElectrophoresesнаследуемостьболезниобработкаNutrientsMass conversion
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 870 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00570 - 0.01458), b=3.15 (3.02 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.6 [15.9, 70.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.298 [0.151, 0.666] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.116 [0.066, 0.212] g/100g; Selenium = 50.4 [24.6, 111.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 191 [37, 789] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.315, 0.997] mg/100g (wet weight);
