Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; non migratori; distribuzione batimetrica 4 - 60 m (Ref. 30573). Tropical; 30°N - 33°S, 24°E - 65°E
Western Indian Ocean: from the Persian Gulf to the coast of Mozambique, East Africa; the Mediterranean Sea, western (Brazil and Florida) and eastern Atlantic Ocean (Canary Is.) and central Pacific. First record from the Eastern Pacific,
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 21.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 30573); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5450)
Spine dorsali (totale): 12 - 13; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 21; Spine anali 3; Raggi anali molli: 19 - 20
More often in silty reef areas than in rich coral growth (Ref. 30573). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9710. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 127989.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Informazioni ulteriori
BibliografiaAcquacolturaProfilo di acquacolturaVarietàGeneticaElectrophoresesEreditarietàMalattieElaborazioneNutrientsMass conversion
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.3, mean 27.2 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03090 (0.01711 - 0.05582), b=2.89 (2.74 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 13.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Molto basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione più di 14 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.5 [18.5, 61.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.497 [0.300, 0.811] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0886 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [20.0, 70.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.8 [12.5, 190.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.85, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
