Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 22°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 13°N - 29°S, 32°E - 155°E
Indo-West Pacific: Somalia (Ref. 30573) and Kenya to South Africa, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Also found in the rivers and lagoons of East Africa.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 6800)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 15-18; Duri dubur 4; Sirip dubur lunak: 14 - 15
Common in harbors and estuaries (Ref. 5480); also found in rivers and lagoons. Forms shoals (Ref. 5480). Feeds on detritus and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Antirolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Arnoult, J., 1986. Scatophagidae. p. 341. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6800)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
informasi lanjut
Nama-nama umumSinonim (persamaan)metabolismePemangsaEkotoksikologiReproduksi, perkembang biakanKematanganPemijahanSpawning aggregationFecunditytelur-telurpekembangan telor
Umur / SaizPertumbuhanpanjang-beratpanjang-panjangukuran frekuensiMorfometrikMorfologiLarvaDinamika larvapemulihanKelimpahanBRUVS
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 364 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.01001 - 0.06601), b=2.96 (2.75 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.25 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).