Sphyrna mokarran, Great hammerhead : fisheries

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Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)

Great hammerhead
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Sphyrna mokarran   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Sphyrna mokarran (Great hammerhead)
Sphyrna mokarran
Picture by University of Western Australia (UWA)

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads. (See ETYFish);  mokarran: Arabic vernacular for this shark, described from the Red Sea, possibly from mogharn, horned, referring to the shape of its head. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Rüppell.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 1 - 300 m (Ref. 37816), usually 1 - 100 m (Ref. 89972). Subtropical; 40°N - 37°S, 180°W - 180°E

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Circumglobal in coastal warm temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 13562). Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to Uruguay, including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean and Morocco to Senegal. Indo-Pacific: throughout the Indian Ocean; Ryukyu Islands to New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Eastern Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico to Peru. Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm 249.5, range 210 - 300 cm
Max length : 610 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 244); common length : 370 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 13562); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 449.5 kg (Ref. 40637); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 30 वर्षो (Ref. 116211)

Short description आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 0; गुदा कांटा 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 0. A very large hammerhead also with a notch at the center of the head (Ref. 5578). Front margin of head gently curved in juveniles, becoming nearly straight in adults, with slight median notch (Ref. 26938). 1st dorsal fin very high and curved; 2nd dorsal and pelvic fins high and with deeply concave rear margins. Light grey or grey-brown above, white below; fins without conspicuous markings (Ref. 5578).

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

A coastal-pelagic, semi-oceanic shark, found close inshore and well offshore, over the continental shelves, island terraces, and in passes and lagoons (Ref. 244, 58302). Often bottom and reef associated at 1-80 m (Ref. 58302). Prefers to feed on stingrays and other batoids, groupers and sea catfishes, but also preys on other small bony fishes, crabs, squid, other sharks, rays, and lobsters (Ref. 244, 13562, 1602). A viviparous species, with 13-42 of about 56 to 70 cm young in a litter (Ref. 26938, 1602). Potentially dangerous to people (Ref. 13562) but only few, if any, of the attacks on people can be definitely attributed to it because of the apparent difficulty of distinguishing large hammerhead species involved in attacks (Ref. 244). Caught occasionally by target shark longline, demersal tangle net and tuna gillnet fisheries (Ref.58048). Meat utilized for human consumption (fresh, fresh-frozen, dried-salted, and smoked), liver oil for vitamins, fins for soup, hides for leather, and carcasses for fishmeal (Ref. 244). Its large fins, including the tail, sail-like first dorsal fin, are prized in the Oriental sharkfin trade (Ref. 47737).

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Viviparous with a yolk sac placenta and 13-42 young in a litter (Ref. 244); 6-42 pups after gestation period of ~11 months (Ref.58048). Size at birth between 50 to 70 cm TL (Ref.58048, Ref. 13562).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | सहयोगीयो

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Critically Endangered (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES


Threat to humans

Other (Ref. 244)





Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

आम नाम
उपशब्द
चपायचय
परभक्षी
ईकोटोकसीकोलौजी
पुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
अंडे
Egg development
Age/Size
बाढ़
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
मौरफोमैटरिक्स
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.3 - 28.9, mean 27.2 °C (based on 4410 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5029   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00229 (0.00133 - 0.00396), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (tmax=30; tm=8.2; Fec=13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 6.09 [1.31, 34.08] mg/100g; Iron = 0.597 [0.148, 1.835] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.6, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.168 [0.066, 0.417] g/100g; Selenium = 33.5 [10.8, 93.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.93 [1.58, 16.43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.393 [0.195, 0.737] mg/100g (wet weight);