Euthynnus affinis, Kawakawa : fisheries, gamefish

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Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)

Kawakawa
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Euthynnus affinis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Euthynnus affinis
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Scombriformes (Mackerels) 鱸形目 (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) 鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Euthynnus: Greek, eu = good + Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54439). 熱帶; 18°C - 29°C (Ref. 168); 35°N - 38°S, 19°E - 137°W (Ref. 54439)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: in warm waters including oceanic islands and archipelagos. A few stray specimens have been collected in the Eastern Central Pacific. Highly migratory.
印度-西太平洋: 在溫暖的水域包括大洋性島嶼與群島中。 一些迷途的標本曾經在中太平洋東部收集。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 42.3, range 40 - 65 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); common length : 60.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大體重: 14.0 kg (Ref. 30874); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 121508)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 10 - 15; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 15; 脊椎骨: 39. This species is distinguished by the following characters: medium-sized fish with a robust, elongate and fusiform body; teeth small and conical, in a single series; total gill rakers on first gill arch 29-34; D1 XI-XIV with both dorsal fins separated by only a narrow interspace (not wider than eye), anterior spines of first fin much higher than those midway, giving fin a strongly concave outline; D2 much lower than first and followed by 8-10 finlets; anal fin followed by 6-8 finlets; pectoral fins short, never reaching interspace between dorsal fins; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; very slender caudal peduncle with a prominent lateral keel between 2 small keels at base of caudal fin; body naked except for corselet and lateral line. Colour of back dark blue with a complicated striped pattern which does not extend forward beyond middle of first dorsal fin; lower sides and belly silvery white; several characteristic dark spots between pelvic and pectoral fins (but may not always be present) (Ref. 9684, 90102).


泳鰾不存在。 椎骨突起的沒有痕跡。 第一背鰭的前面棘比那些中間者高許多。 腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 身體裸露的除了甲胄與側線。 背部的在後部部分具有一個斷掉斜的斑紋的圖案。

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Occurs in open waters but always remains close to the shoreline. The young may enter bays and harbors. Forms multi-species schools by size with other scombrid species comprising from 100 to over 5,000 individuals. A highly opportunistic predator feeding indiscriminately on small fishes, especially on clupeoids and atherinids; also on squids, crustaceans and zooplankton. Caught in multispecies fisheries, mainly by surface trolling; also with gill nets. Generally marketed canned and frozen; also utilized dried, salted, smoked and fresh (Ref. 9684).

出現於開放的水域但是總是逗留在接近海岸線。 幼魚可能進入海灣與港灣。 形成多魚種的依大小形成魚群從 100 到超過 5,000個個體包含的與其它的鯖魚種在一起。 不加選擇地捕食小魚的一個高度隨機的掠食者, 尤其吃鯡魚與銀漢魚; 也吃烏賊,甲殼動物與浮游動物.(參考文獻 9684) 通常在市場上銷售罐裝及冷凍; 也利用乾燥的﹐鹽醃的, 煙燻 (參考文獻 9684) 與生鮮地.(參考文獻 9987)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

印度-西太平洋: 在溫暖的水域包括大洋性島嶼與群島中。 一些迷途的標本曾經在中太平洋東部收集。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  有雪卡魚毒中毒的報導 (Ref. 30911)





人類使用

漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.7 - 28.5, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1384 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00862 - 0.01160), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 (1.2 - 2.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.4-0.5; tm=3; Fec=210,000).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 20.9 [9.6, 171.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.28 [0.88, 5.97] mg/100g; Protein = 23.1 [21.1, 24.7] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.129, 0.428] g/100g; Selenium = 70.6 [35.4, 143.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [5.4, 77.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.408 [0.211, 1.643] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.