Found over shallow sandy bottoms, in the vicinity of river mouths. Enter estuaries and rivers (Ref. 1479, 11230, 44894, 48635), juveniles and adults are often found in freshwater (Ref. 4327). Adults in loose aggregations (Ref. 48635). Juveniles common in sandy intertidal areas; often in tidal pools. Minimum depth reported is 20 m (Ref. 12260). Found in schools (Ref. 9710). Omnivorous (Ref. 7300), feeding on fishes, insects, algae, and sand-dwelling invertebrates (Ref. 9710). Spawn in the sea and juveniles migrate into fresh water (Ref. 2847). Eggs are guarded and fanned by the male parent (Ref. 205). Produce sound (Ref. 9137). Caught on all types of inshore fishing gear including gill nets, traps, handlines, and bottom trawls and marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 48274).
發現在水淺的沙底部上., 在鄰近河口。 進入河口與河。 (參考文獻 1479,11230,44894,48635) 成魚形成鬆散的魚群.(參考文獻 48635) 稚魚常見於沙的潮間帶的區域; 常見於潮池中。 報告的最小量 epth 是 20 公尺。 (參考文獻 12260) 成群出現.(參考文獻 9710) 雜食性 (參考文獻 7300), 吃魚,昆蟲,藻類, 而且棲息於砂中的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 9710) 產卵於海洋中,而且稚魚迴游進入淡水之內。 (參考文獻 2847) 發出聲音。 (參考文獻 9137) 在市場上銷售生鮮地., 乾燥或鹽醃.(參考文獻 12693)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 17.6 - 27.9, mean 23.7 (based on 917 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01287 - 0.01951), b=3.02 (2.96 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).