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Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

White trevally
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Pseudocaranx dentex   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Pseudocaranx dentex (White trevally)
Pseudocaranx dentex
Picture by Carvalho Filho, A.


Australia country information

Common names: Araara, Blue trevally, Blurter
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Distributed from approximately Rockhampton on the central Queensland coast through the waters of all southern Australian States to North West Cape in Western Australia. They also inhabit the waters of Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Commercial fishery: The main fishery for silver trevally is located in New South Wales waters. Trevally are targeted by fishers using beach seines in bays, or from ocean beaches along the coast from Port Macquarie to the Victorian border. They are also caught in the New South Wales trap fishery which targets higher valued species such as snapper (Pagrus auratus) and ocean jackets (Nelusetta ayraudi). Small quantities of silver trevally are caught in estuaries using coastal set gillnets. Catches are also made by demersal otter trawlers targeting other species in the South East Fishery off southeastern Australia. Trawl catch rates are consistently low in the Fishery, e.g. total trawl catches ranged between 200 t and 400 t from 1985-86 to 1989-90. Most of the silver trevally trawl catch is taken from waters less than 100 m deep (Ref. 27735). Silver trevally are also a bycatch of the Southern Shark Fishery, although the level of catch is uncertain due to misreporting of warehous (Seriolella species) as silver trevally. Small quantities of silver trevally are also trolled in Tasmanian coastal waters. The New South Wales catch of silver trevally has increased since the 1980s when the low price obtained for silver trevally deterred fishers from targetting the species. Higher prices now encourage fishers to target silver trevally when the availability of other more valuable species is low. Silver trevally are sold mainly as whole fish on the domestic fresh fish market. Some of the catch is air freighted to Japan as fresh, chilled product. Recreational fishery: Silver trevally is a significant recreational species throughout the area it inhabits. The most common methods used to catch it are handlines and rod-and-line and most fish are caught by using baits of cut fish flesh, whole pilchards (Sardinops neopilchardus) or anchovies (Engraulis australis), squid, prawns (Penaeidae), crabs or cunjevoi (Pyura stolonifera) (Ref. 27128). The largest recorded silver trevally caught by a recreational angler weighed 10 kg and was taken off Lord Howe Island (Australian Anglers Association records). Also Ref. 2156, 2334, 3157.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names ชื่อสามัญ | ชื่อพ้อง | Catalog of Fishes(สกุล, ชนิด) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Pseudocaranx: Greek, pseudes = false + French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Issue
The species Pseudocaranx cheilio (Snyder, 1904) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697) following Randall (2007: Ref. 86689). The species Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier, 1833) is considered as valid in CofF ver. May. 2011 following Smith-Vaniz & Jelks (2006: Ref. 76781), with Caranx luna Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817, Caranx platessa Cuvier, 1833, Caranx nobilis Macleay,1881, and Usacaranx archeyi Griffin, 1932 as synonyms. Caranx georgianus (now under Pseudocaranx is also a valid species.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range นิเวศวิทยา

เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม; กร่อย เกี่ยวกับหินโสโครก; ระดับความลึก 10 - 238 m (Ref. 58302), usually 10 - 25 m (Ref. 5288).   Tropical; 40°N - 47°S

การแพร่กระจาย ประเทศต่างๆ | พื้นที่จำแนกตาม FAO | ระบบนิเวศหลายระบบ | การปรากฏขึ้น,การเกิดขึ้น,พบ | Point map | การแนะนำ | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean, Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Ascension and St. Helena Island. Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Japan, Hawaii (Ref. 26145), Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Zealand. Reported from New Caledonia (Ref. 9070).

Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age

Maturity: Lm 34.5, range 28 - 37 cm
Max length : 122 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 4887); common length : 40.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 9258); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 18.1 kg (Ref. 4887); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 49 ปี (Ref. 31614)

Short description เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการแยกชนิดสัตว์,สิ่งมีชีวิตออกจากกัน | สัณฐานวิทยา | ความยาวต่างๆ

เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 9; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 25 - 26; เงี่ยงครีบก้น: 3; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่ก้น: 21 - 22; สัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลัง: 25. Greenish blue above, silvery white below; midside of body with yellow stripe; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). LL with 20-26 scutes (Ref. 6390). With maxilla the rear edge sloping slightly forward to its main axis, a large, diffuse dark blotch on the operculum, and a lateral line with 57-78 scales in the curved portion and 34-46 posterior scutes (Ref. 33616).

ชีววิทยา     ภาคผนวก (เช่น epibenthic)

Adults occur in bays and coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563). Juveniles usually inhabit estuaries, bays and shallow continental shelf waters, while adults form schools near the sea bed on the continental shelf (Ref. 6390). Schools are found at the surface, in mid-water and on the bottom and are often associated with reefs and rough bottom (Ref. 9072). Schools are sometimes mixed with Caranx koheru and Arripis trutta (Ref. 9072). Feed on plankton by ram-filtering and suction feeding and on bottom invertebrates (Ref. 9072, 30206). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Cultured only in Japan. (Ref. 4931). One of the best table fish 'being indeed the salmon of St. Helena' (Ref. 5288).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | การสืบพันธุ์ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ตัวอ่อน

They are usually partial spawners, releasing eggs in small batches at intervals over a period of several weeks (Ref. 27733).

Main reference Upload your references | อ้างอิง | ผู้ประสานงาน : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | ผู้ร่วมมือ

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 May 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

การประมง: การค้า; การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: การค้า; การตกปลาเป็นกีฬา: ใช่
FAO(Aquaculture systems: การผลิต; การประมง: การผลิต; publication : search) | FishSource | ทะเลรอบๆเรา

ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม

Trophic ecology
รายการอาหาร
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
ผู้ล่า
Ecology
นิเวศวิทยา
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Anatomy
Gill areas
สมอง
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
รูปแบบการว่ายน้ำ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
เสียงของปลา
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
พันธุศาสตร์
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
ประวัติการเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ
สายพันธุ์
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

เครื่องมือ

Special reports

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 15.3 - 25.9, mean 22.3 (based on 362 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00872 - 0.02289), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref. 120179):  ขนาดกลาง, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 1.4 - 4.4 ปี (K=0.18(?); tmax=46(?)).
Prior r = 0.42, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.63, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.