Australia country information

Common names: Australian salmon, Bay trout, Black back
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Eastern Australian salmon inhabit waters off the eastern and southern coasts of Australia from Brisbane to Tasmania and through Bass Strait to Cape Otway in Victoria. Occasionally, individuals are found as far west as Western Australia (Ref. 27960, 2657, 27961, 27296). Stock structure: Australian salmon were originally considered to be 1 species, Arripis trutta. However, studies in the early 1980s revealed genetic evidence of reproductive isolation between eastern and western populations (Ref. 27969). Genetic studies have indicated that eastern Australian salmon in New Zealand waters form a further discrete breeding population, although they are not sufficiently different for them to be considered more than a subspecies of A. trutta (Ref. 27969). The stock structure of the eastern Australian salmon populations at Lord Howe, Norfolk and the Kermadec islands (north of New Zealand) require further investigation. Commercial fishery: Eastern Australian salmon are caught in the waters off southern New South Wales, central and eastern Victoria, east of Port Sorrell on the north and the east coasts of Tasmania, and Bass Strait islands. Eastern Australian salmon are harvested primarily by beach seining or bottom set gillnetting. Large fish are also taken on trolling gear and there is some beach seining and gillnetting of juveniles. The major fisheries are in or near spawning areas, and they target fish undergoing pre-spawning or post-spawning migrations. These fisheries are seasonal: January to April in New South Wales. Catches of juvenile Australian salmon are made throughout the year in Victoria and Tasmania. Aircraft and land-based spotters are, or have been, used to locate schools of Australian salmon. Beach seine fishers rely on cliff-top spotters to locate schools of fish. Australian salmon are sold as whole, fresh fish, or canned for human consumption or pet food, or used for rock lobster (Jasus species) bait. The highest demand for Australian salmon is for use as rock lobster bait. Prices for Australian salmon vary Australia wide depending on the end use. Fish for local fresh fish markets fetched the highest prices. Recreational fishery: Eastern Australian salmon are taken by recreational anglers throughout its range. They are especially popular with beach and rock anglers (Ref. 27996) and smaller fish are sometimes netted. In Victoria, Australian salmon are targeted by shoreline fishers and by boat-based trolling. The most common method is the use of pilchard bait on linked hooks although metal casting lures are also used. Resource status: As of 1993, the Australian salmon fishery in New South Wales was believed to be fully exploited. Also Ref. 2156, 9563, 9988.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Saumon australien, Salmón de Australia, Лосось австралийский, ... more

رده بندی / Names اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Arripidae (Australian salmon)
Etymology: Arripis: Latin, arripio, arripere = to take something suddenly.
More on author: Forster.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range بوم شناسي

دريايي; لب شور; رود کوچ (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 30 - 39 m (Ref. 58489). Subtropical; 27°S - 47°S, 112°E - 176°W

پراكنش كشورها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | Ecosystems | ظهور | Point map | معرفي | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: southern Australia (including Tasmania, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island), usually Brisbane to Western Victoria, rarely to Western Australia; and New Zealand (including Chatham and Kermadec Islands).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن

Maturity: L_m 32.5, range 29 - 36 cm
Max length : 89.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 27296); common length : 47.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9258); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 9.4 kg (Ref. 9988); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 26 سال ها (Ref. 9072)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 9; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 15 - 17; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 9 - 10; مهره ها: 25. Adults are dark blue-green above and silvery below, with irregularly defined spots arranged laterally in indistinct rows (Ref. 33616). Length of upper lobe of caudal fin < 29.9% SL, more or less equal to, or less than, the length fo the head (Ref. 9701).

Inhabit continental shelf waters including estuaries, bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). Found between depths of 30 m (Ref. 33616) and 39 m (Ref. 58489). They enter rivers (Ref. 9002). Juveniles form school in shallow coastal bays and estuaries; adults move in large schools along shores (Ref. 9002), and can move over reefs in depths just sufficient to cover their bodies (Ref. 6390). They form large surface aggregations in deep water (Ref. 6390). Feed mainly on fishes but also on pelagic crustaceans, especially krill (Nyctiphanes australis). Take also food from the seabed. Fish smaller than 10 cm feed predominantly on copepods (Ref. 9072). Utilized fresh, canned and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)

Eastern Australian salmon are probably serial batch spawners (Ref. 27961).

مآخذ اصلی Upload your references | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

Paulin, C., 1993. Review of the Australian fish Family Arripididae (Percomorpha), with the description of a new species. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 44(3):459-471. (Ref. 9701)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)

غيرقابل ارزيابی

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر برای انسان ها

Harmless

استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; طعمه: usually

FAO(ماهي گيري – شيلات: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

اطلاعات بيشتر

Trophic ecology
اقلام غذايي
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
شکارچیان

Ecology
بوم شناسي
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
نوسانات طولی
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
تولید مثل
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي

Distribution
كشورها
مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO)
Ecosystems
ظهور
معرفي
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
مغزها
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
صداهاي ماهي ها
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
ژنتيك
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
همكاران

Taxonomy
اسامي عام
مترادف
ريخت شناسي
ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
عکس ها

References
مراجع

ابزارها

گزارش های ويژه

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بارگيری XML

صفحه خلاصه | Point data | اسامي عام | تصاوير

منابع اينترنتي

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 15.6 - 22.3, mean 17.4 (based on 14 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00352 - 0.02589), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

جهندگی (Ref. 120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.2-0.3; tm=4).

Prior r = 0.39, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.59, Based on 2 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (100 of 100).

طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Arripis trutta (Forster, 1801)