Found over shallow sandy bottoms, in the vicinity of river mouths. Enter estuaries and rivers (Ref. 1479, 11230, 44894, 48635), juveniles and adults are often found in freshwater (Ref. 4327). Adults in loose aggregations (Ref. 48635). Juveniles common in sandy intertidal areas; often in tidal pools. Minimum depth reported is 20 m (Ref. 12260). Found in schools (Ref. 9710). Omnivorous (Ref. 7300), feeding on fishes, insects, algae, and sand-dwelling invertebrates (Ref. 9710). Spawn in the sea and juveniles migrate into fresh water (Ref. 2847). Eggs are guarded and fanned by the male parent (Ref. 205). Produce sound (Ref. 9137). Caught on all types of inshore fishing gear including gill nets, traps, handlines, and bottom trawls and marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 48274).
发现在水浅的沙底部上了, 在邻近河口。 进入河口与河。 (参考文献 1479,11230,44894,48635) 成鱼形成松散的鱼群.(参考文献 48635) 稚鱼常见于沙的潮间带的区域; 常见于潮池中。 成群出现.(参考文献 9710) 杂食性 (参考文献 7300), 吃鱼,昆虫,藻类, 而且栖息于砂中的无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 9710) 产卵于海洋中,而且稚鱼回游进入淡水之内。 (参考文献 2847) 发出声音。 (参考文献 9137) 在市场上销售生鲜地了, 干燥或盐腌.(参考文獻 12693)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 17.6 - 27.9, mean 23.7 (based on 917 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01287 - 0.01951), b=3.02 (2.96 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).