Finland country information

Common names: Punakampela
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: scarce (very unlikely) | Ref: Koli, L., 1990
Importance: of no interest | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Five specimens caught between 1894 - 1980 from the Gulf of Finland and from the Ahvenanmaa Archipelago.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/fi.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Koli, L., 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Plie d'Europe, Solla europea, Камбала морская, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Pleuronectes: Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, nekton = swimmer (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino; salobre demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 200 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 50 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 2°C - 15°C (Ref. 5504); 72°N - 36°N, 47°W - 45°E

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Northern Sea. Reports from the Mediterranean Sea appear to be misidentifications of P. flesus. It may have been present in some areas of the Mediterranean in the past, as a result of climatic changes related to the ice age, but at present times seem to be absent (Ref. 89040).

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 32.7, range 24 - 42 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 4705); common length : 40.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3397); peso máximo publicado: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); edad máxima reportada: 50 años (Ref. 173)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 65 - 79; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 48 - 59. Smooth with small scales. Bony ridge behind the eyes. Upper side brown or greenish brown with irregularly distributed bright red or orange spots. The underside is white. Lateral line straight, slightly curved above pectoral fin. Dorsal fin reaching eye. More than 30 vertebrae.

Adults live on mixed bottoms, the older the deeper the occurrence; small individuals are usually seen on bathing beaches (Ref. 9988). Occurs on mud and sand bottom from a few meters down to about 100 m, at sea, estuaries and rarely entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). Reported as resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Feed mainly on thin-shelled mollusks and polychaetes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The most important flatfish for fisheries in Europe. Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Active at night in the very shallow water while day time is spent buried in the sand. Stationary for long periods, tagging experiments have shown that their spawning migrations can be long. Changes in the environmental conditions have been disadvantageous. Populations in Kattegat and Danish belts decreased in 1980's and early 1990's due to discharge of nutritive salts. Wadden sea is still an excellent nursery ground (Ref.35388).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Adult spawn when the temperature is around 6 °C (Ref. 4705).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : Amaoka, Kunio | Colaboradores

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 October 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si; Acuario: Acuarios públicos

FAO(pesquerías: producción, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Trophic ecology
componentes alimenticios
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Despredadores

Ecology
Ecología
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
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Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
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Larva
Dinámica larvaria

Distribution
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Physiology
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Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
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Human related
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Perfiles de acuicultura
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Taxonomy
Nombres comunes
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References
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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | Photos

Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.8 - 12.4, mean 10.2 (based on 658 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00685 - 0.00880), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.06-0.34; tm=2-6; tmax=30; Fec=50,000).

Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 28 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758