Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 10 - ? m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 13°N - 9°S
Western Atlantic: West Indies and the Atlantic coasts of Central and South America to southeastern Brazil.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3791); 35.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217)
Mainly found in brackish estuaries but also in marine and hyper-saline waters (Ref. 5217). During reproduction, they gather in small groups at the mouth of coastal rivers and creeks. Reproduction occurs in the early part of the year. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Eggs which are rich in yolk are spawned by the millions. Upon hatching, juveniles move up to the swamps and coastal rivers over long distances, to seek for food and to protect themselves against predators (Ref. 35237). Marketed fresh or salted (Ref. 5217). The roe is marketed salt-pickled and dried and considered a delicacy (Ref. 5217).
Spawning seems to take place in small groups in river mouths. Females lay millions of relatively large eggs rich in yolk.
Thomson, J.M., 1978. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3791)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
Special reports
Download XML
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 26.7 - 28.1, mean 27.4 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00603 - 0.01584), b=2.91 (2.78 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 2.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.67-1.0;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 482 [175, 1,568] mg/100g; Iron = 3.8 [0.7, 17.5] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.6, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.359 [0.158, 0.859] g/100g; Selenium = 150 [48, 491] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.99 [2.21, 28.34] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.19 [1.47, 7.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
